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Peter Cart Wright
He was the best known of the methodist traveling frontier preachers. He was ill educated. He traveled from Tennessee to Illinois. http://mrlincolnandfriends.org/upload/cartwright_peter_scan_med.jpg -
The Second Great Awakening
The Second Great Awakening began in 1790, but carried over into the 1800's, and was spread through large camp meetings. Many reformers drew their crusading zeal from religion. This brought many reorganized churches and numerous new sects. It also encouraged an effervescent evangelicalism that bubbled up into innumerable areas of American life including prison reform, the temperance cause, women rights movement, and a crusade to abolish slavery. -
First Shaker Communities Formed
They first came to America from England by Mother Ann Lee. A religious group that established small utopian communities, ranging from Maine to Kentucky. The name Shaker came from a ritual shaking dance that the members of the group performed. In the mid-1800s, the Shakers reached their peak with almost 6000 members. The Shakers did not believe in having children, and so they only relied on converts to expandthe community. In the end though, they were very few Americans that decided to convert. -
Thomas Paine Publishes "The Age of Reason"
The Age of Reason was published in three parts between 1794 and 1807. A critique of organized religion, the book was criticized as a defense of Atheism. Paine's argument is a prime example of the rationalist approach to religion inspired by Enlightenment ideals -
Invention of the Cotton Gin
The cotton gin is a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds, allowing for much greater productivity than manual cotton separation. cotton became a tremendously profitable business, creating many fortunes in the Antebellum South. New Orleans, Mobile, Charleston and Galveston became major shipping ports, deriving substantial economic benefit from cotton raised throughout the South. The great supply of cotton created strong demand for textile machinery. -
University of North Carolina is Founded
The University of North Carolina, at Chapel Hill, becomes the first operating state university in the United States, and the only public university to graduate students in the 18th century. -
Gabriel Slave Rebellion in Virginia
Gabriel's uprising was notable not because of its results but because of its potential for mass chaos and widespread violence. It showed everybody that they had to be careful in their doings because slaves did have the potential to plan/be violent. -
Congress Outlaws Slave Trade
It stated that no new slaves were permitted to be imported into the United States. It took effect in 1808, the earliest date permitted by the United States Constitution.The 1807 Act ended the legality of all international slave trade with the U.S. However, it was not always well enforced. The institution of slavery continued in the United States until the end of the Civil War and the adoption of the 13th Amendment to the Constitution. -
American Colonization Society Formed
The colonization resulted from many motives. Free blacks, freedmen, and their descendants, encountered widespread discrimination in the U.S. in the early 19th century. Whites generally perceived them as a burden on society and a threat to white workers because they undercut wages. Some abolitionists believed that blacks could not achieve equality in the United States and would be better off in Africa. Many slaveholders were worried that the presence of free blacks would encourage slaves to rebel -
Thomas Jefferson Founds the University of Virginia
He wished the publicly-supported school to have a national character and stature. Jefferson envisioned a new kind of university, one dedicated to educating leaders in practical affairs and public service rather than for professions in the classroom and pulpit exclusively. It was the first nonsectarian university in the United States and the first to use the elective course system. -
Missouri Comprimise
The Missouri Compromise was a federal statute in the United States that regulated slavery in the country's western territories. The compromise, devised by Henry Clay, was agreed to by the pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States Congress and passed as a law in 1820. It prohibited slavery in the former Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 36°30′ north, except within the boundaries of the proposed state of Missouri. Many say the Compromise helped postpone the war. -
Cooper Publishes "The Spy"
This was the earliest United States novel to win wide and permanent fame and may be said to have begun the type of romance which dominated U.S. fiction for 30 years. -
Emma Willard Establishes Troy Female Seminary
Was the first in the country founded to provide young women with an education comparable to that of college-educated young men. At the time of the seminary’s founding, women were barred from colleges. Although academies for girls existed, their curricula were limited to such “female arts” as conversational French and embroidery. -
Republic of Liberia Established in Africa
Liberia was founded by the United States while occupied by local Africans. Beginning in 1820, the area was settled by African Americans, most of whom were freed slaves. African captives freed from slave ships by the British and Americans were sent to Liberia. The colonists established a new country with the help of the American Colonization Society, a private organization whose leaders thought former slaves would have greater opportunity in Africa and that the Black population in the U.S.. -
Vesey Save Rebeion in Charleston
The most carefully devised slave revolt in which rebels planned to seize control of Charleston in 1822 and escape to freedom in Haiti, a free black republic, but they were betrayed by the other slaves, and 75 conspirators were executed.This was a failed uprising that ended up agrivating the anxiety about possible federal interference with the institution of slavery. -
New Harmony Commune Established
Was known as a center for advances in education and scientific research. New Harmony's residents established the first free library, a civic drama club, and a public school system open to men and women. -
Lyceum Movement Flourishes
Developed in the 1800's in response to growing interest in higher education. Associations were formed in nearly every state to give lectures, concerts, debates, scientific demonstrations, and entertainment. This movement was directly responsible for the increase in the number of institutions of higher learning. -
American Temperance Society Founded
The leader of the union was Lyman Beecher who was also a leader of the Second Great Awakening. It was the first U.S social organization to promote national support for a national cause. The movement was the result of increased consumption of alcohol and the people's desire to improve the better general family life. -
Noah Webster Publishes the Dictionary
Webster's dictionaries dominated the English speaking world. Noah Webster has been called the "Father of American Scholarship and Education." His dictionaries taught many generations of American children how to spell and read, secularizing their education. -
American Peace Society Founded
Was founded upon the initiative of William Ladd. It was formed by the merging of many state and local societies, from New York, Maine, New Hampshire, and Massachusetts. The society organized peace conferences and regularly published a periodical entitled Advocate of Peace. The Society was only opposed to wars between nation states. -
Walker Publishes "Apeal to the Colored Citizens of the World
The work brought attention to the abuses and inequities of slaves and the role of individuals to act responsibly for racial equality, according to religious and political tenets. At the time, some people were outraged and fearful of the reaction that the pamphlet would have. Many abolitionists thought the views were extreme. Historians and liberation theologians cite the Appeal as an influential political and social document of the 19th century. -
"Gody's Lady's Book" First Published
Godey intended to take advantage of the popularity of gift books, many of which were marketed specifically to women. Each issue contained poetry, articles, and engravings created by prominent writers and other artists of the time. Sarah Josepha Hale was its editor from 1837 until 1877 and only published original, American manuscripts. Although the magazine was read and contained work by both men and women, Hale published three special issues which only included work done by women. -
Joseph Smith Founds the Mormon Church
Its headquarters was located in Salt Lake City, Utah. The religious group emphasized moderation, saving, hard work, and risk-taking. Smith attracted thousands of devoted followers before his death in 1844. -
Garrison Published "The Liberator"
Was an abolitionist newspaper founded by William Lloyd Garrison and Isaac Knapp. The newspaper earned nationwide notoriety for its uncompromising advocacy of "immediate and complete emancipation of all slaves" in the U.S.. The Liberator faced harsh resistance from several state legislatures and local groups. The Liberator continued for three decades Garrison ended the newspaper's run with a valedictory column at the end of 1865, when the ratification of the 13 Amendment abolished slavery. -
Nat Turner Rebelion in Virginia
Led by Nat Turner, rebel slaves killed about 55 to 65 people, the highest number of fatalities caused by any slave uprising in the South. There was widespread fear in the aftermath of the rebellion, and white militias organized in retaliation against slaves. Across the South, state legislatures passed new laws prohibiting education of slaves and free blacks, restricting rights of assembly and other civil rights for free blacks, and requiring white ministers to be present at blackworship services -
American Anti-Savery Society Founded
The society published a weekly newspaper, the National Anti-Slavery Standard.The society promoted the greater good for slaves, it was considered controversial and sometimes met with violence. Helped lead to the ending of slavery. -
Oberlin College Admits Female Students
Oberlin College wasnoteworthy for having been the first American institution of higher learning to regularly admit female and black students in addition to white males. Which was significant because most women didn't/ wern't allowed to get a higher education. -
Mary Lyon Establishes Mount Holyoke Seminary
Mount Holyoke was the first womens college in the U.S. Became the model for later liberal arts institutions of higher education for women. -
Emerson Delivers 'The American Scholar" Address
His speech really provided a visionary philosophical framework for escaping and building a new, distinctly American cultural identity. -
Brook Farm Commune Established
A transcendentalist Utopian experiment, put into practice by transcendentalist former Unitarian minister George Ripley at a farm in West Roxbury, Massachusetts, at that time nine miles from Boston. The community, in operation from 1841 to 1847, was inspired by the socialist concepts of Charles Fourier. Fourierism was the belief that there could be a utopian society where people could share together to have a better lifestyle. -
Oneida Community Established
Oneida community was a religious commune founded by John Humphrey Noyes. a radical utopian community established in New York, in which complex marriage (free love), male consistence (a form of birth control), and controlled breeding to create a new superior generation, the community lasted for over thirty years because artisans made advanced steel traps and the Oneida Community Plate (made of silver). Gave a different view on marriage roles. -
Seneca Falls Womens Rights Convention Held
The convention was seen as one important step among many others in the continuing effort by women to gain for themselves a greater proportion of social, civil and moral rights, The meeting had six sessions, included a lecture on law, a humorous presentation, and multiple discussions about the role of women in society. -
Hawthorne Publishes "The Scarlet Letter"
The Scarlet Letter was one of the first mass-produced books in America. In the mid-19th century, bookbinders of home-grown literature typically hand-made their books and sold them in small quantities. The first mechanized printing of The Scarlet Letter, sold out within ten days, and was widely read and disccussed to an extenexperienced in the young country up until that time. -
Charles Grandison Finney
Charles Grandison Finney, flamboyant evangelist of the Second Great Awakening, served as the second President of Oberlin College (1851-65). From 1824 to 1833, Finney conducted revivals in the Middle and Eastern states, but mainly in towns of New York. In 1832, he was the pastor of the Second Free Presbyterian Church, New York City. At Oberlin he taught Systematic Theology (1835-58), Pastoral Theology (1835-75), Polemic Theology, and Mental and Moral Philosophy. Helped train a line of Ministers. -
Maine Passes First Law Prohibiting Liquor
Maine, was one of the first statutory implementations of the developing temperance movement in the United States.Temperance activist Neal Dow helped craft this law. The passage of the law, which prohibited the sale of all alcoholic beverages except for "medicinal, mechanical or manufacturing purposes," quickly spread elsewhere, and by 1855 twelve states had joined Maine in total prohibition. -
Melville Publishes Moby Dick
known as the greatest American writer of his era, his most important novel, published in 1851, was the story of Ahab the captain of a whaling vessel who was obsessed with his search of Moby Dick. Although the novel was a commercial failure and out of print at the time of the author's death in 1891, its reputation as a Great American Novel grew during the twentieth century. -
Whitman Publishes "Leaves of Grass"
The poems of Leaves of Grass are loosely connected and each represents Whitman's celebration of his philosophy of life and humanity. This book is notable for its discussion of delight in sensual pleasures during a time when such candid displays were considered immoral.
