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Miscegenation Laws
Miscegenation laws are laws that prohibit the marriage, cohabiting or sexual relationships between a white person and a person of another race. This was prominent throughout the 17th and 18th century, being outdated in 1967 after the Supreme court declared it unconstitutional. This was significant because it established more prejudice laws and unwritten laws in society. This exhibits a legal change during the Civil Rights movement in America. -
NAACP
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was created after a deadly race riot in the city of Springfield, their mission is to ensure political, educational, equality of minority groups in America that eliminates racial prejudice. This was a social impact as this group actively tried to overthrow discriminate laws and spoke out toward racially motivated Court systems. This helped to educate the public on social issues. -
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Segregation of Public Places
The segregation of public places enabled African Americans to use public facilities, making them use inferior bathrooms, swimming pools, water fountains, and parks. This also caused them to sit in different movie theaters, in different rows on the bus, and not be able to sit in a restaurant with white individuals. -
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Segregation of Schools
Schools teaching students of color in the US received significantly less funding than white schools and faced many inconsistencies including a lack of teachers, transportation, and necessities needed for a proper education. This resulted in a significant gap between the number of students who graduate (colored and non-colored students) and their access to opportunities outside of schooling. -
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Segregation of Schools/Change
The social and legal change post segregation of schools in America was significant, in 1954 the US Supreme Court outlawed state-sanctioned school segregation. This led to the social resistence within white community’s in particularly segregated areas, causing violence against black students and familys. -
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Segregation of Public Places/Change
This was a social change by implemented inequality in daily life and prompted the arrest and harassment of black individuals. Leading to widespread activism and a major shift in understanding racial equality and justice. -
Brown vs the Board of Education
In the Supreme Court case Brown vs the Board of Education, the “separate but equal” law (laws that allow segregation laws by state government) is declared a violation of the 14th Amendment and, therefore unconstitutional. This is a legal impact as it overturned segregation in schools. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
After Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on the bus to a white man, she was arrested. Her arrest caused a black Boycott of the city's public buses, which led to a massive disruption of the city's profit system, as most bus riders were black Americans. In 1956 the Supreme Court declared segregation on buses unconstitutional. This is an example of a legal impact protest had on the American government. -
Little Rock Nine
In Little Rock, Arkansas, nine black teens challenged segregation in the South by attempting to attend an all-white high school. While being blocked by police from entering the building, President Eisenhower sent the National Guard to escort them into the building and protect them from white mobs. This represents a social change by the students challenging the Arkansas government to finally desegregate schools, this was impactful to citizens of the south whose schools were not yet desegregated. -
The Freedom Rides
The Freedom Rides consisted of both white and Black activists who rode the public bus into the Deep South to enforce desegregation laws. During this ride, they sat in the “incorrect” seats and used this as a form of protest to enforce the desegregation of public transportation in the South. This was a social change, because the protesters were pushing the enforcment of the law created to desegregate public buses by social disobedience through the people and the local authority -
The March on Washington
The March on Washington was a significant rally in Washington D.C. protesting workplace discrimination and freedom. Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech is widely known from the event and worked to empower the American population. This was a social change because it brought attention to social injustice and brought together a diverse group of people for the same united cause. This was an inspiration for future Civil Rights movements, and was a landmark for African American diversity. -
Freedom Summer
The Freedom Summers was a 1964 voter registration protest formed by The Student Nonviolent Coordination Committee that aimed at increasing the number of registered Black American voters in Mississipi. They used mainly voter registration drives, and sit ins to advocate their cause. This was a legal change because it actively led to the Voter Rights Act of 1965 and the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Freedom Summers ultimately inspired widespread legal change.