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Brown vs board of education
Context:Brown v. Board of Education arose in response to racial segregation in public schools, challenging the “separate but equal” doctrine that had led to inferior educational opportunities for Black students. Strategies:The NAACP used a legal strategy in Brown v. Board of Education by presenting social science research, constitutional arguments. Significance:Brown v. Board of Education was a landmark Supreme Court case that declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Context: The Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955–1956) was a protest against bus segregation in Montgomery, Alabama, sparked by Rosa Parks’ arrest. It became a key event in the Civil Rights Movement. Strategies: The boycott used nonviolent resistance, organized carpools, and community support to sustain itself. Significance: It led to the Supreme Court ruling against bus segregation and launched Martin Luther King Jr. as a civil rights leader. -
Freedom rides
Context: The Freedom Rides (1961) were protests against segregation on interstate buses in the South, facing violent resistance. Strategies: Activists used nonviolent resistance and media coverage to challenge segregation and pressure the government. Significance: The rides led to a ban on segregation in interstate travel and showcased the power of direct action. -
Birmingham campaign
Context: The Birmingham Campaign (1963) was a civil rights protest against segregation in Birmingham, Alabama, led by Martin Luther King Jr. Strategies: Activists used sit-ins, boycotts, and marches, with mass arrests and police violence drawing national attention. Significance: The campaign led to Birmingham’s desegregation and helped pave the way for the Civil Rights Act of 1964. -
March on Washington
Context: The March on Washington (1963) was a massive rally in Washington, D.C., advocating for civil rights and economic justice. Strategies: Leaders organized speeches and peaceful demonstrations, including Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech. Significance: The march built support for civil rights and helped lead to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. -
Civil rights act
Context: The Civil Rights Act of 1964 ended segregation and discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It followed years of civil rights activism. Strategies: The Act passed through activism, protests, and legal challenges. It banned discrimination in public places, schools, and jobs. Significance: It was a major victory for the Civil Rights Movement, laying the groundwork for future equality legislation. -
Voting rights act of 1965
Context: The Voting Rights Act of 1965 aimed to eliminate racial discrimination in voting, especially in the South, following civil rights protests. Strategies: It banned discriminatory voting practices and provided federal oversight in areas with voting discrimination. Significance: The Act increased African American voter participation and was a key victory for civil rights. -
Fair housing act of 1968
Context:The Fair Housing Act of 1968 aimed to eliminate discrimination in housing based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It was passed during of the Civil Rights Movement and the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. Strategies:The Act prohibited discriminatory practices in renting, selling, or financing housing and created enforcement mechanisms. Significance:It helped to combat racial segregation in housing and was a major step toward achieving racial equality in the U.S. -
Black Lives Matter
Context: The Black Lives Matter protests began in 2013 after Trayvon Martin’s death and grew in response to police brutality and racial injustice. Strategies: The movement uses grassroots organizing, social media, and peaceful protests to advocate for change. Significance: It sparked global conversations on racial inequality and mobilized millions for social justice. -
George Floyd’s death and protests
Context: The death of George Floyd in 2020 sparked global protests against police brutality and racial injustice. Strategies: Protests involved peaceful demonstrations, online activism, and calls for police reform. Significance: The protests led to widespread calls for police accountability and highlighted racial inequality.