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Period: 1509 to 1547
Reign of Henry Vlll
the break with Rome -
1517
Martin Luther writing the Ninety-Five Theses
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1526
translation of the Bible in English/ the Tyndall Bible
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1529
rejection of divorce
the Pope rejected Henry’s petition for a divorce with Catherine of Aragon -
1533
Henry VIII married Ann Boleyn
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1534
Act of Supremacy
the king was made “Supreme Head of the Church of England” -
Period: 1534 to
The European Revolution
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Period: 1536 to 1541
The dissolution of the monasteries and the Pilgrimage of Grace
They were disbanded and the Crown appropriated their income and land -
Period: 1545 to 1563
Council of Trent
•the Roman Catholic church attempted to correct some of the abuses of the church
•and harshly condemned protestant heresies -
Period: 1547 to 1553
Reign of Edward Vl
the young King -
1549
Publication of the Book of Common Prayer
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Period: 1553 to 1558
Reign of Mary l
the Catholic Restoration -
Period: 1553 to 1571
The 39 articles of faith
Doctrine:
• stated the doctrine (religious belief) of the Church
• 3 important changes : a new ecclesiology (conception of the Church) / a new doctrine of Salvation (doctrine du salut) / a new definition of sacraments and of the mass
• still in use today -
Period: 1555 to 1558
Bloddy Mary
•Protestantism was confined to secrecy as heretics were burned
•over 200 Protestants went to the stake
•Protestants were forced to leave the country and fled to the Continent, they were the “Marian exiles”. -
Period: 1558 to
Reign of Elizabeth l
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1559
The Act of Uniformity
Religious belief:
• every parish had to use the Book of Common Prayer
• people who did not attend an Anglican service were fined. -
1559
The Act of Supremacy
Church organisation:
• abolished the authority of the Pope
• restored the authority of the Queen over the Church
• She became “Supreme Governor of the Church of England”. -
Period: 1559 to 1563
New Legislation
Between 1559 and 1563, the Queen Elizabeth passed new legislation. -
Period: 1559 to 1561
The marriage question
•Spring 1559: the whole court thought this was going to lead to a wedding with Robert Dudley
•He was married at the time, but his wife had breast cancer, but when she died William Cecil spread a nasty rumor that Dudley wanted to poison his wife.
•Huge scandal, and the marriage was impossible.
•After that scandal Elizabeth decided to never marry.
•She gave a speech in 1559 to say that she was "married to the Kingdom of England. -
1570
The Pope excommunicated Elizabeth
Pope Pius V issued the papal bull “Regnans in Excelsis”:
•it called Elizabeth “The so-called queen” (!), “a heretic favouring heretics”.
•almost giving Catholics licence to kill her with the certainty that it would not be seen as a crime by Rome. The Pope’s hostility to the Elizabethan religious settlement was growing:
•He instructed English Catholics not to attend Anglican church services. -
1571
Treasons Act
In the response of the Pope's excommunicated Elizabeth made the treasons act for anyone to say that Elizabeth was not the true Queen of England and Wales. -
1581
the 1581 Act
•It provided for the death penalty for any person converting, or already converted to Catholicism.
•It was now forbidden to participate or celebrate the Catholic Mass
•Anglican services were compulsory: £20 per month fine. -
1581
Rules given to paint the Queen’s portrait
Painters needed to have undergone a 7 years training. -
The Babington plot
Young Catholics had sworn to kill Elizabeth and put Mary Stuart on the throne but their strategies were discovered by Francis Walsingham, when he managed to decipher a coded letter between Marie Stuart and this group. -
The execution of Mary Queen of Scots
After The Babington plot Mary Queen of Scots was convicted for complicity and sentenced to death.
She was executed in Fotheringham Castle, wearing a bright red dress, the colour of Catholic martyrs. -
Speech to the troops at Tilbury
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The Defeat of the Spanish Armada
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The Queen Elizabeth I died
•She had secured the position of England in the world
•She had imposed Protestantism
•Her heir was the son of her cousin Mary Queen of Scots
•James VI of Scotland: became James I of England. -
Period: to
Reign of King James I
James I was also the King of England but also the King of Scotland where he was King James VI. -
The Gunpowder Plot
A conspiracy devised by a small group of Catholics to blow up Parliament and kill James I. -
Great Contract
the King tried to introduce this financial form to receive a fixed sum.
But some MPs feared the King would not need to call up parliaments anymore to get money.
The House of Commons refused to vote in favour of the Great Contract and James dismissed Parliament. -
King James' Bible
James was presented with the MILLENARY PETITION asked for the Church of England to be purified of the last traces of Catholic doctrines and rites.
But James refused and confirmed the Elizabethan status quo.
The only important change was a new English translation of the Bible. -
Period: to
The Thirty Years' War
•Military defeats (Lord Buckingham, the King’s advisor became very unpopular).
•England at war with Spain and France. →Consequences of the war:
•A huge strain on finances.
•The raising of troops had important impacts on the local population. -
James summoned a Parliament
James I summoned a Parliament to ask for money for war. -
the death of James I
-
Period: to
Reign of King Charles I
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Petition of Rights
They requested the King to recognise the illegality of extra-parliamentary taxation, billeting, martial law, imprisonment without trial.
Wanted to get Charles to recognise that there were limits to his powers.
Charles reluctantly signed it but was furious, and as MPs were discussing impeaching Lord Buckingham again, he suspended parliament seating. -
Three Resolutions
•Declared that whoever tried to bring in “Popery or Arminianism” or to alter the protestant forms of the Church of England was an enemy of the Kingdom
•as well as anyone advising the King to collect custom duties without Parliament’s consent -
Period: to
The Personal Rule
• 11 years when the King ruled without calling a parliament -
Scottish opposition
•1637 King Charles I attempted to draw the Church of Scotland (Calvinist) into line with the Church of England (Anglican).
•Scottish opposition came to the boil when Charles I attempted to impose a New Prayer Book -
Period: to
The Scottish crisis
Following the 1603 Union of the Crowns, Scotland and England began to share the same monarch, though the two countries were still independent kingdoms for the next hundred years. -
Scottish National Covenant
•Petition opposing Charles’ religious policy, it called for the spiritual independence of the Scottish Church to be maintained.
•To Charles, this was an act of open rebellion.
→Scotland and England both started to form an army
→The Bishops’ Wars -
Charles I called a parliament after 11 years
He called a parliament after 11 years because he needed money to fight the Scots -
The Irish Rebellion
→The Irish Rebellion was an armed revolt broke out in Ireland.
•James I had implemented a plantation policy = sending English and Scottish protestant colonists to Ireland, taking the lands of Irish Catholics
•In October 1641, Irish Catholic rebels rose up against Protestant settlers -
Militia Act
•Because of The Irish Rebellion Parliament passed the Militia Act: the army should be placed under the control of a general appointed by Parliament
→taking away the King’s ability to appoint whoever he wanted -
The Grand Remonstrance
→ An important document voted by Parliament after heated debates.
It summarized all the wrong doing of Charles I and concluded on “revolutionary” demands:
•the right of the House of commons to choose the King’s ministers
•the right for Parliament to control any army sent to Ireland
•the right for Parliament to reform the Church -
Charles I attempted to arrest the 5 MPs
•Charles I believed that John Pym and 4 other MPs were plotting against the Queen.
• He wanted to impeach them, but Parliament refused.
Charles I marched into the House of Commons with troops and attempted to arrest the 5 MPs (January 1642) -
Period: to
THE CIVIL WAR
The Civil War was between supporters of the monarchy of Charles I called the Royalists and the Parliament called the Parliamentarians.