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Legislature passed a law that no free negro or mulatto could immigrate to Arkansas.
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Legislature enforces the law of no free negro or mulatto immigration to Arkansas.
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An act passed in 1854 stated that any white person caught in company with negroes at any unlawful meeting, or who harbored or entertained a slave, or drank with them, should be guilty of a misdemeanor.
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Legislature enforces a law forbidding free negroes and mulattoes to remain in Arkansas after Jan. 1, 1860.
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South Carolina was the first state to seceed, followed by Mississppi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina.
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Anti-slavery Creeks and Seminoles allowed fugitive slaves from surrounding states to reside in their lands.
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Lincoln said he had no plans to end slavery in the states in which it already existed, but he would not accept sucession.
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Fort Sumter is were the first shots of the Civil War took place.
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Creek Nation: July 10, 1861
Choctaw and Chickasaw July 12, 1861
Seminole August 1, 1861
Cherokee October 7, 1861 -
Lincoln issued this to declare all slaves in rebellion areas to be considered free in the eyes of the government. Cherokee slaveholders freed their slaves in accordance with Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation.
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The Union Army forced all able black males to enroll for service.
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Blockades resulted in food and supply shortages in the South which caused soliders to flee confederate forces.
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General Lee and General Grant met at Appomattox Courhouse to agree on terms of surrendering.
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Jefferson Davis was captured and the remaining Confederate troops were defeated.
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Confederate Indian Commander, Stand Waite, surrendered to Union troops at Doaksville ending the Civil War in Indian Territories.
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This required tribes to cede western half of their land to the government and called reorganization of trival government.
Ratfication Dates:
Chickasaw and Choctaw Treaty of Washington- July 10, 1866
Creek- August 11, 1866
Cherokee Reconstruction Treaty of 1866- August 11
Seminole Treaty- August 16, 1866 -
Blacks were seen as a possbile political assest.
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Among five dozen delegates, eight were black men who represented 13% of the delegates.
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The new Arkansas constitution approved the black suffrage provision.
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Blacks represented nearly 26% of Arkansas' population.
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Joseph Brown was teh only freedan elected to the National Council.
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Jesse Franklin was elected as a judge in the tribal Supreme Court.
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Hannibal Carter adn James Milton Turner organized this to encourage black migration into the Oklahoma district.
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Choctaw nation allows schooling to the freedman.
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Oklahoma territory opened to settlement by non-Indians. Previously the territory had been only open to settlement by other Indian tribes.
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The Creek tribe and blacks started a "Race War" that was reported by local newspapers.
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Most blacks residing in Indian Territory were newcomers from neighboring states, called "State Negroes."
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Congress created this to negotiate agreements with the Five Civilized Trives to terminate their existence as seperate nations.
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Congress made rolls for each of the tribes that included Indians and freedmen who were tribal citizens making it the first time in history that non-Indians were determining Indian citizenship with the Dawes Commission.
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Enabling Act- June 6, 1906
Oklahoma Constitution approved- September 1907
Oklahoma admitted to the United States- November 16, 1907
