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Period: to
General Tolerance
Generally tolerant of different languages especially those Northern Europe -
Yale College founded in Connecticut
Harvard was previously chartered in 1650. -
Catholic Missions
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First American Library
Founded in Philadelphia by Benjamin Franklin. -
Princeton University Founded
Princeton University founded in New Jersey. -
Declaration of Indepedence
The United States of America declares independence from Britain. -
Articles of Confederation
Articles of Confederation were drafted as the first government in the United States. These articles were drafted in English, French, and German. -
Anti-British, Anti-English Sentiments
During the American Revolution, during the height of Anti-British sentiments, other languages such as Hebrew, French, Greek, etc. -
Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris is ratified by Congress, ending the Revolutionary War. -
United States Constitution
Thirty nine delegates voted to approve and sign the final draft of the new Constitution. John Adams brought up the idea of making English the official language of the country. -
The Bill of Rights
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Request to Print Federal Laws in German
Rep. Thomas Hartley of Pennsylvania argued that “it was perhaps desirable that the Germans should learn English; but if it is our object to give present information, we should do it in the language understood. The Germans who are advanced in years cannot learn our language in a day. It would be generous in the Government to inform those persons. Many honest men, in the late disturbances [the Whiskey Rebellion], were led away by misrepresentation; ignorance of the laws laid them open to deception -
Louisiana Purchase
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Lewis and Clark Expedition
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US Population: 7,239,881
1,919,362 were slaves. -
Louisiana becomes the first state in the Louisiana Territory
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The War of 1812
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Civilization Fund Act
Enacted to promote English education and practical skills for Native American people. -
Period: to
Varying Degrees of Acceptance and Suppression of Other Cultures
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Mexico declares Independence from Spain
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Cherokee Law
Law within Cherokee Nation stating that Cherokee members
“will not meet any commissioners of the United States to hold a treaty with them on the subject of making cession of lands, the property of the Cherokee nation, as we are determined hereafter never to make any cession of lands.” -
Cherokee Writing System
Created by Sequoia. Cherokees promoted their own literacy and bilteracy in English. -
Texas colonized by Stephen F. Austin
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Monroe Doctrine
US declares no European setttlement in the Western Hemisphere. -
Gold Discovery in Northern Georgia
Gold found on Cherokee land. -
Mexico Prohibits US Settlement
Prohibition of US emmigration into Mexico was most likely caused by the growing emmigration population between 1823 and 1828. -
Indian Removal Act
This act authorized the displacement of native peoples from their territory throughout the United States, specifically the Cherokee tribe in Georgia. -
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Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia
This court decision ruled in favor of Georgia. -
Worcester vs. Georgia
The “court affirmed Cherokee sovereignty. President Andrew Jackson arrogantly defied the decision of the court and ordered the removal, an act that established the U.S. government’s precedent for the future removal of many Native Americans from their ancestral homelands." -
Treaty of New Echota
20 members of the Cherokee tribe, none of which were elected officials, signed a treaty that ceded all their territory east of the Mississppi River for $5 million and new homes in other Indian Territory. -
Bilingual Education in Texas
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Trail of Tears
Crash Course State militias and federal troops began the enactment of the Treaty of New Echota by rounding up Cherokee members into stockades and forcing them off of their land. -
Ohio Passes Bilingual Education Laws
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Official status of French Language is protected by Louisiana Constitution
1845 Louisiana Constitution of 1812 is revised and official status of the French Language is protected. Laws must now be promulgated in both English and French -
Louisiana law allows French-English bilingual education in state public schools
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US and Mexico sign treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo/Mexican Cession
Acquire what is now pretty much the whole southwestern US. -
New Mexico enacts Spanish-English bilingual education law
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Appropriation Bill for Indian Affairs
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Bureau of Indian Affairs opens 1st boarding school
The boarding school experience for Indian children began in 1860 when the Bureau of Indian Affairs established the first boarding school on the Yakima Indian Reservation in the state of Washington. -
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Congressional Declaration
Congress declared Native Americans cannot be taught in their own language. -
German only Kindergarten
William Harris, a St. Louis School Superintendent, created a kindergarten that only taught in German. -
Native American Children forced into boarding schools
Native American children forced into boarding school where they could be punished if caught speaking their own language. -
"Kill the Indian,Save the Man"
Educating Native Americans, the common belief that they must be taught to reject tribal culture and adapt to white society. Others called it cultural genocide that targeted children, with a belief that the government must "kill the Indian...to save the man". -
The "Indian Problem" solved
When one Indian boy or girls leaves this school with an education the " Indian Problem" will forever be solved!!!! -
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References
