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Lamark advocated a theory of evolution which included the idea that traits could be acquired and then passed along to offspring.
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Jean-Baptiste Lamarck published his theory of evolution, Philosophie Zoologique. His theory was that evolution occurred through the inheritance of acquired characteristics, or the use/disuse theory. His ideas about how it occured were not convincing.
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Identified the Wallace Line that divides the Indonesian archipelago into two distinct parts, one in which animals relate to those of Australia, and one in which the species are of Asian origin. He was considered the 19th century's leading expert on the geographical distribution of animal species. Wallace was one of the leading evolutionary thinkers of the 19th century and made other contributions to the development of evolutionary theory besides being co-discoverer of natural selection
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Lamarck thought characteristics aquired over a life time could be passed on to offspring. This theory was called the inheritance of aquired characteristics. At this point in time lamarck had no knowledge of cell biology or genetics.
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Charles Lyell popularized the idea that the Earth had been shaped by slow-acting forces that are still at work today.
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Darwin was a British scientist that lived from 1809 - 1882. At the age of 22, Darwin departed for a 5 year voyage around South America on a survey ship called the HMS Beagle. This voyage gave Darwin the opportunity to discover hundreds of new species and witness the differences between two organisms from different islands that were believed to be of the same species. After taking hundreds of samples of animals and fossils, Darwin returned to Britain and began developing his theory.
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These birds, although nearly identical in all other ways to mainland finches, had different beaks. Their beaks had adapted to the type of food they ate in order to fill different niches on the Galapagos Islands. Their isolation on the islands over long periods of time made them undergo speciation.
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Darwin develops his ideas that evolution can be explained by descent with modification and natural selection
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Darwin was a British scientist that lived from 1809 - 1882. At the age of 22, Darwin departed for a 5 year voyage around South America on a survey ship called the HMS Beagle. This voyage gave Darwin the opportunity to discover hundreds of new species and witness the differences between two organisms from different islands that were believed to be of the same species. After taking hundreds of samples of animals and fossils, Darwin returned to Britain and began developing his theory.
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Wallace and Darwin publish papers on natural selection
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Study of evolution dominated by studies of paleontology, development, and morphology
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Darwin publishses The Origin of Species
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Darwin's first essay on natural selection
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Mendel publishes his paper on pea genetics; Haeckel publishes his diagrams of the Tree of Life
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August Weismann publishes findings detailing how important DNA is to heredity, along with germ cell theory - the theory that inheritance only takes place by means of germ cells such as egg and sperm, and that other cells do not pass on their genes.
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Rediscovery of Mendel's work by multiple individuals
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T. H. Morgan establishes Drosophila lab at Columbia University, clarifies role of chromosomes inheritance.
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Phoebus Levene at the Rockefeller Institute identified the components (the four bases, the sugar and the phosphate chain) and he showed that the components of DNA were linked in the order phosphate-sugar-base.
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Emphasis on chromosomal evolution, models of speciation, geographic variation, continued development of population genetics
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Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins performed X-ray crystallography studies of DNA, providing crucial information that led to the elucidation of the structure of DNA
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James Watson and Francis Crick proposed the double-stranded, helical, complementary, anti-parallel model for DNA
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Development of explicit quantitative methods for phylogenetic analysis, increased understanding of sexual selection, behavioral evolution, and coevolution
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DNA is proven to be the genetic material by which inheritance passes from one generation to the next, and thus is the blueprint for evolution.
