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He was born in the Palace of Pimentel (Valladolid) and was the son of Carlos I of Spain and Isabel of Portugal
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His father withdrew for seven weeks to a monastery to mourn his death and sent his daughters to Arevalo to take them away from the court. She left Felipe in charge of the funeral of his mother in what would be his first public act of his alone. -
Felipe II married with the Infanta María Manuela of Portugal in 1527; They had a son in 1545, this son was Carlos of Austria, who died at the age of 23 (1568). Felipe II's first wife died a few months after his first-born son was born.
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Mary Tudor (1516-1558) was Queen of England. Felipe II and she had no descendants. She probably died of an ovarian cyst or uterine cancer.
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In 1555, Carlos I fell ill and decided to divide the throne between his son and his brother. In October, the ceremony took place in which he presented Philip the Crown of the Netherlands. Thus began the reign of Felipe II. The following year, 1556, his father also gave him the Crowns of Aragon and Castile. This is how he became King of all Spanish territory, “where the sun never set.”On his side, his uncle, Fernando I of Habsburg, inherited the power that the Empire of Carlos had in Germany.
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Felipe II was forced to proclaim the first bankruptcy of the Spanish coffers, a fact that was repeated third during his reign.The wars and the expenses entailed by an immense empire led Castile to bear heavy tax burdens, due to a serious crisis, after having reduced its important wool trade due to the conflict with the Netherlands, its main client. Income produced by the mines in Latin America accounted for 20% of the total state coffers -
King Felipe II commissioned the construction of El Escorial to the Renaissance architect Juan Bautista de Toledo, who had been Michelangelo's assistant in the Basilica of Saint Peter in the Vatican. -
The battle of San Quintín was a battle fought in the framework of the Italian Wars between the troops of the Spanish empire and the French army, which took place on August 10, 1557, with a decisive victory for the kingdom of Spain. After the kingdom of Naples had been invaded in 1556 by the French troops of the Duke of Guise, Philip II ordered the imperial troops that were in the Spanish Netherlands to invade France.
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He died of malaria after a month of agony and fever. To which was added gout, a disease that he also suffered acutely. -
Isabel de Valois was Infanta of France. She had three daughters with Felipe II: Isabel Clara Eugenia of Austria, Catalina Micaela of Austria and Juana. Isabel de Valois died on October 3, 1568 in the delivery of her third daughter, Juana, she also died that day.
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The Council of Trent was summoned by Pope Paul III in 1545 and will end, after the passage of Popes Julius III, Marcelo II and Pius IV, in 1563.
It was where the "weapons" for the defense of the Catholic Church were created in order to stop the spread of Protestant ideas (reform). -
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The abundant Moorish population of the Kingdom of Granada took up arms in protest against the Pragmatic Sanction of 1567, which limited their cultural freedoms. When the royal power managed to defeat the rebels, it was decided to deport the surviving Moors to various points in the rest of the Crown of Castile. Apart from the deaths and expulsions, thousands were sold as slaves within Spain. In Córdoba in 1573 there were about 1500 Moorish slaves.
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Archduchess of Austria. She was the niece of Felipe II and his wife from 1570 to 1580. Four children were born from the marriage: Fernando, Carlos Lorenzo, Diego Félix, Felipe (the future Felipe III) and María. All, except for Felipe, died as children. Anne of Austria died of severe breast cancer.
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Turkish ships had been launching control of the western Mediterranean for years. The Italian and Spanish coasts were increasingly threatened and Malta was on the verge of being taken in 1565. Spain, Venice and the Papal States formed an alliance to confront the Turkish army and stop its advance. Thus the Holy League was constituted, which was placed under the command of Don Juan de Austria. After four hours of battle, the empire of Juan of Austria defeated the Turks.
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The sack of Antwerp, known as the Spanish Fury in the Netherlands, Belgium and the United Kingdom, was an uprising by the soldiers of the Spanish thirds faithful to the Crown that took place between November 4 and November 7 from 1576.
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The Portuguese crown was united to the Spanish one from 1581 to 1640. It was not many years, since the union lasted little more than half a century, but the consequences for Portugal were serious, especially for its colonial empire, which was greatly damaged by the union. -
Armada Invincible of 1588 was a maritime military expedition projected by the Spanish monarch Felipe II to dethrone Isabel I and invade England. The attack took place in the context of the Anglo-Spanish war of 1585-1604.Armada Invincible or Grande y Felicísima Armada of 1588 was a maritime military expedition projected by the Spanish monarch Felipe II to dethrone Elizabeth I and invade England. The attack took place in the context of the Anglo-Spanish War of 1585-1604.
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The works of the monastery come to an end.
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He died in the Monastery of San Lorenzo del Escorial in Madrid, at the age of 71. His successor was Felipe III, a son he had previously with Ana of Austria in 1578.
