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- The people wanted to lessen the power of the stadholder, and supported by the middle class the patriots fought for elections
- The Dutch supported the American's cause but the stadholder assisted with 40% of Great Britain's death
- Prussians invaded and Orangists crushed the rebellion
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King Louis XVI gie some ideas for reform to his Assembly of Notables. These included ideas for a reformed land tax. Those who did not side with the king were heroes to the french people.
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Belgians rebelled gainst the Austrian King Joseph II because of his changes to government, however urban people and nobles/church/peasants were divided on what should happen to Belgium and Leopold II of Austria took control back
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The early stage of the French Revolution.
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French people started writing down their desires for reform in city and towns at meeting. Even peasants had a voice and a vote in these affairs.
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This was a pledge of members of the Third Estate gather and create the national assembly. This begins the Moderate stage of the revolution.
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- Rebels raid Bastille
- Marquis de Lafayette becomes head of the army
- This was a prison
- 100 people who marched on the Bastille were killed before the prison officials gave in
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The Revolution begins to spread to the countryside after the storming of the Bastille. Peasants destroy anything that belongs to noblemen of clergymen.
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The third estate representatives decide they will not be forced to vote by order and started the National Assembly with nayone who wanted to join and gave each member a vote. The church representatives from the estates general joined the third estate.
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Nobles in the Estates General say they will give up tax exemptions. Serfs were freed. Some nobles wanted compensation but no one paid them. The National assembly called for equality.
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The National assembly creates this document as a preamble to a constitution. The constitution is finished in 1791. The noble's privileges are taken away. The church is subordinated to the state.
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Groups of French lower class women and men convince the king to move from Versailles to paris nad make him promise not to obstruct the revolutionary movement.
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King Louis agreed to double the number of people in the Third Estate who represent over 90% of the people (the average people - peasants and middle class), but this did not increase their power as each estate had one vote - the people were still outnubered in votes by nobles and the church.
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Olympe de Gourges writes this document based on the Declaration of the Rights of an and Citizen to illustrrate her belief that women should be included in the new contitution.
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The Jacobins were split in two groups. Both thought Louis XVI was guilty of treason. The National assembly sided with the faction calling for execution.
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King Stanislaw Poniotowski led the patriots against Catherine the Great and created a constitution. This victory which gave rights to average people, kept serfdom, and limited nobles, only lasted a year when Catherine did away with the patriot movement.
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Louis XVI and his faily leave paris in disguise to go to eastern France hoping for help Leopold II. A postman recognized them and they were stopped 40 miles from their destination.
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slaves in St. Domingue revolted. The Parisian Legislative assembly was forced to give rights to free blacks to stop the revolt.
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This is the more violent part of the revolution after the moderate revolution.
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Louis declares war on Austria, prussia joins the war to help Austria. The war was supposed to be short but went on for 23 years. Royals were in Austria fighting french rebels, and threatened to destroy paris if the rebels hurt the King.
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The rebels wanted a constitutional monarchy but the King counteracted this . War started and the rebels got rid of the king, creating a republic.
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The Parisian working men attacked the king's palace - impatient with how slowly the assembly was working.
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The National Convention got rid of the monarchy and created the Republic.
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40,000 are killed. Collaboration means talking with foreign enemies.
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-set by National Convention
- limits prices on necessities nad wages -
The Revolutionary Tribunal convicts MA of treason and guillotines her. They also execute Girondin leaders, Mdme Roland, and Olympe de Gouges
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the National Convention abolishes slavery in the colonoies and gives black males rights. The goal was to get blacks to join the French in the fight against the Spanish.
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The Committe of Public Safety executes its enemies. These include ultrarevolutionaries, indulgents, and Danton. The reason given was treason.
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Kosciusko returns to Poland to lead the Polish, pro-French revolution. Major cities soon joined in the uprisings but peasants were need too. Kosciusko compromised between nobles nad serfs by lessening the burdens of serfdom. Catherine the Great stopped the revolts and arrested Kosciusko.
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These new laws made changes to the legal process. They discontinued the accused right to legal counsel, lessened the number of jurors to convict, and allowed for only two outcomes - innocence or death.
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French men attack Robispierre at Thermidor. All his policies were reversed in what was called the Thermidorian Reaction
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France invaded the Netherlands and declared a war of liberation and parts of the Netherlands became French.
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The directory government takes power in France. One of its goals is to create "sister republics".
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Napolean becomes leader of the french army in Italy and leads the Italian campaigns over Austrians and Piedmontese. He sends Italian art back to France.
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The 3rd stage of the Revolution.
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The young leader comes to power in France and will rule until 1821.
He ends the Frnch Revolution by 1800 and make France an Authoritarian politcial system. -
Napolean's brother makes it look like an attempt was made on Napolean's life. His enemies were kicked out of the Parisian legislature and those who remained abolished the Directory govenrment and started the Consulate.
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Napolean works with Pope Pius VII to end the conflict between catholics and French politics. The pope allowed for sale of church porperty and France agreed to pay salaries of clergy who were loyal to France. Catholicism was the majority religion in France.
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Napolean fights the austrians at two battles in 1800 - at Marengo and Hohenlinden and wins. He then forces them to sign the Treaty of Amiensending wars on continental Europe.
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When Napolean becomes consul his intentions to rule France become clear. Then in 1804 he names himself Emperor.
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Napolean had to sell the Louisiana territory to the US instead of expanding his territory as planned because his troops got yellow fever in St. Domingue.
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Napolean kidnaps nad executes Louis-Antoine-Henri de Bourbon-Conde duc D-enghien and tired him by military tribunal despite evidence that D-Enghein had not been involved in a conspiracy against Napolean.
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Napolean oversees a comittee to write the new civil code . It was a patriarchal system . It gave property rights and religious tolerance.
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The Superior British navy defeated the allied French and British at the battle at Trafalgar. The French lost ships but the British did not.
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Napolean beats the Russians and Austrians at Austerlitz after a victory in Ulm Bavaria.
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Napolean developed this trade system to hinder Great Britains economic success. It prohibited trade between France (an its property) and Britain. France's industry also improved with less competition.
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Napolean establishes the Confederation of the Rhine. Most of the German states joined.
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Napolean had a victory over the Russians at Friedland after defeating the Prussians at Auerstadt a year before. The treaty turned land west of the Elbe river to Napolean.
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Napolean ivaded Portugal. Portugese royals fled to Brazil. Napolean made his brother Joseph King of Spain and this led to a war in spain against Napolean called the Spanish war for Independence which lasted untill 1813.
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Napolean introduces his hierarchy of nobles. These men served the state. Titles were hereditary if the noble still had a specific amount of wealth.
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Napolean remarries after a divorce to the Marie-Louise, an 18 year old austrian princess. They have a son whom Napolean names the King of Rome upon his birth. (He had named brother, step-brothers, and other family members to different positions over the previous ten years).
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Napolean invaded Russia with 600.000 troops from Italy, Poland, Switzerland, Germany, and the Dutch Republic. However this battle did not follow Napolean's victorious patter
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The military turned against napolean during the year of 1813-1814. Troop morale dropped to the lowest in years.
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The French senate dethroned Napolean. At the same time Napolean's generals stopped fighting the Russians and Napolean chose to step down.
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Napolean goes into exile. France gives the throne to Louis XVIII (the brother of the king executed during the revolution.
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Napolean came back to France from exile. Although deposed he cheered by the peopl when he came to Paris and his former troop wanted to fight for him again.
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Napolean who had escaped from exile fought the Prussians near Brussels. He lost and was exiled again.
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Napolean died in exile on St. Helena Island. His rule had cost the lives of over 1 million soldiers but his welfare programs and national morale had a lasting impact not only on France but on Europe.
