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Little Entente
France, Czechosolvakia, Romania, & Yugoslavia formed an alliance
Germany felt threatened -
World Disarmament Conference
held in Geneva, Switzerland
Reduce the size of armies
France would only reduce the size of it’s army if Britain and the U.S. promised a security guarantee
Britain and the U.S. refused
France’s desire to keep the size of it’s army inspired Germany for future rearmament
Germany left the conference as well as the League of Nations -
Hitler Appointed Chancellor
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Dollfuss Assassination
Austrian dictator, Engelbert Dollfuss, assassinated by the Austrian Nazi Party (influence in other countries was destructive) -
The 'New Plan'
With trade, Germany made sure to receive things equally as valuable, or things more valuable than what they were giving away (Germany traded with countries that had exports with equal to or greater value than their imports)
Successes of economic policy: food cheaper, $ for military rearmament, other european countries got more dependent of G bc trade -
Polish-German Non-Agression Pact
That the countries wouldn’t attack each other for 10 yrs
Poland agreed bc → Poland didnt feel threatened by Germany bc Poland had: big army, French alliance, and more concerns abt Sov Union
Germany agreed bc → Germany didnt feel threatened by P, Germany would get food+metal through trade, AND this would weaken Polish and France alliance
France didnt like this alliance
Sov Union didnt either → cooperation created via Rapallo Treaty between SU and G was destroyed
Caused SU to join LoN -
Stresa Front
formed by Britain, France, and Italy
To protect themselves against Germany
This front collapsed when Italy invaded Abyssinia 1935 -
Anglo-German Naval Treaty
Between Germany & Britain
Britain allowed Germany to counter ToV terms and have navy -
Saar Plebiscite
section of Germany was administered by the League of Nations
according to a plebiscite conducted in 1935, over 90% of the residents of Saar wanted to join Germany -
Remilitarized the Rhineland
German troops remilitarized Rhineland
Responses:
France didn't respond
Britain offered to support France if Germany attacked -
Rome-Berlin Axis
Between Italy & Germany -
Period: to
The Four-Year Plan
Self sufficiency and rearmament
To prepare Germany for war according to Richard Overy -
Sudeten Crisis
Anschluss inspired it
Germans in Czechoslovakia wanted to become part of Germany -
Anschluss
Germany took over Austria because of the number of Germans there and Nazi’s in Austria -
Munich Agreement
Between Germany, Italy, Britain, and France
Allowed Germany to take over Czechoslovakia (annexation)
Peace created by this agreement lasted 6 months -
Period: to
Polish Crisis
Germany wanted to add Poland to list of annexed countries (Austria and Czech)
German desire to regain Free City of Danzig and Polish Corridor (this separated Germany from East Prussia)
Wanted a 25-year non-aggression pact with Poland, and wanted to help them get land
Hitler demanded return of of Danzig in October 1938 (part of Germany until after WWI, locally governed by Nazis) -
Nazi-Soviet Pact
secretly negotiated not to engage in war
Said Russia would get areas of Poland they had lost during WWI
Germany used this as a tactic to ensure that Russia didn’t invade Poland for themselves -
Pact of Steel
German pact with Italy since they became paranoid about Britain + France
Support/shared plans for war
Close policies for propaganda and foreign policies -
Invasion of Poland
Poland refused to negotiate Germany’s terms of giving land back, so France and Britain continued support
Mobilization: Aug. 12, 1939