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Guidance was given in form of advice by physicians, medicine men, teachers, etc.
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Erford, B.T. (2014) Orientation of the Counseling Profession: Advocacy, Ethics, and Essential Professional Foundations (2nd ed.). Loyola University, MD: Pearson, Inc.
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First Intelligence test. This test is later translated and revised to become the Stanford-Binet test used in the United States.
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Designated 117 English teachers as Vocational Counselors to focus on problem solving, character, and prevention. This was the first guidance program in schools.
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Known as the father of the American guidance movement. Founded the Vocational Bureau of Boston. Presented a lecture on systematic guidance and his book "Choosing a Vocation" provided the framework for personality psychology after he died.
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Established the National Mental Health Association following negative experience as a patient in a mental health facility in 1908.
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An Austrian neurologist, who presented his ideas on neurosis in the United States.
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World War 1 prompted a need for clinicians known as psychometrists due to large scale psychological testing.
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Created grants to support counselor training and vocational education in public schools and universities
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Group counseling already implemented and successfully used in hospitals, schools, and immigration.
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The economy crashes and guidance became scrutinized for being to rigid and ignoring human development and experience. a Need for counselors to work with people in a non-traditional way came about.
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Developed nondirective and client-centered therapy.
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Creator of collective counseling and founder of individual psychology.
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Created the Strong Vocational Interest Blank to standardize support materials for guidance.
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Marriage and family counseling established.
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Developed clinical counseling and bases his theory on the belief that personality includes measurable traits due to occupational decisions.
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The Wagner-Peyser Act of 1933
The Civilian Conservation Corps-1933
The Works Progress Administration-1935 -
Self help group created for alcohol addiction.
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Self help group created for mental illness.
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The first edition was published by the U.S Employment Service as a vital source of information for guidance counselors.
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The need for mental health counseling increased due to the large amounts of military personnel returning with shell shock, war neurosis, and battle fatigue.
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Joseph Wolpe-systematic desensitization
Albert Ellis- rational emotiv therapy
Eric Berns- transactional analysis
Donald Super- career development theory -
The American Personnel and Guidance Association (APGA) is formed.
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Supports professional counselors and educations who provide supervision.
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"Based on Philosophical principles of humanistic approach to counseling" (Erford, 2014, p.38)
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Created to advocated for professional school counselors to promote collaboration, leadership, and systematic change.
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Created to advocate for counseling needs of individuals with disabilities.
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Wrenn introduces the concept of the culturally encapsulated counselor to describe narrow cultured professionals.
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Provided funding for community based mental health programs to address growing problems with drug use, family crisis, alcoholism, and marital discord. This eventually lead to creation of crisis centers, clinics, women's shelters, runaway shelters, rape counseling centers, and closing state hospitals.
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Created for effective use of research and assessment.
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Division of the ACA and offers professional leadership to counselors who service clients in the career-development and employment setting.
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Created to evaluate high education programs
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Created to "improve cultural, ethnic, and racial understanding in counseling" (Erford, 2014, p.36).
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Originally created in 1972, know as the Public Offender Counselor Association. This was later changed to the (IAAOC) to include addictions.
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Created to provide leadership in the field of group work, group work standards, and training to support the research.
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Created to represent clinical mental health counselors.
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the APGA changes it's name to American Association for Counseling and Development (AACD) to renew the commitment to the field of counseling and reflect changes in the profession.
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Created to support all members of the armed services and their families with educational programs and counseling services.
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As noted by Erford (2014, p34) the "AADA serves as a focal point for information sharing, professional development, and advocacy related to adult development and aging issues; addresses counseling concerns across the lifespan"(AADA, 2013)
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Created to support counselors in the practice of family and couples counseling.
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Technology is introduced and is becoming a huge trend and focus.
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"The ACCA focuses on professional counselors who provide services at institutions of higher education, and it fosters student development in colleges, universityes and technical and community-college settings" (Erford, 2014, p.34).
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APGA Changes its name again to the American Counseling Association (ACA), which is currently largest association today dedicated to representing professional counselors.
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Non religious affiliated, created to support professionals and counselors in ethical, spiritual, religious, and other human values for development.
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Created to promote education for understanding, awareness, and equality.
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Created for counselors, professionals, and other community leaders in search of equality and injustice affecting people.
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As noted by Norcross and Hill (2003) in Erford (2014)
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Changed from the Association for Measurement and Evaluation.
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A forum for counseling professionals and therapists to explore diverse and unique approaches.
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Created by the ACA and the American Association of State Counseling Boards (AASCB) and is composed of 31 counseling organizations. They provide consensus on guiding principles and defining counseling.
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Most current Code of Ethics established by the ACA
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After a 30 years plan from the ACA and other organizations, all 50 states require licensure for counselors.
