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4,000 years ago in the Chow-Foo dynasty -
Spectacles
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Miasma theory
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Begins the early version of germ theory in De Contagione et Contagiosis Morbis
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Make the 1st microscope by placing two lenses in a tube.
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Observes cork cells under a microscope (primitive) , he comes up with the term cells.
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Observes cork cells under microscope
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Spontaneous Generation
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Discovered single-celled organisms and named them animalcules, after viewing pond water through a powerful magnifying lens that he also created.
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First to discribe cells and bacteria, extremely good lenses for the time.
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Attempted to disprove Redi's spontaneous generation theory.
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Excluded spontaneous generation as a viable theory. His experiment was successful but a strong rebuttal blunted his claims.
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Solves the problem spherical aberration with several weak lenses used together at different distances gives good magnification without blurring the image.
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Studied plant and animal cells. He was able to view the nucleus, the structure within the cells that controls cell function. Their ideas formed the basis for the cell theory. -
Studied cellular pathology and proposed that all cells came from other cells. The hypothesis explains how all living things grow and reproduce.
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Disproves spontaneous generation with his "Famous Experiment" Swan neck flask.
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Formulates a mathimatical theory correlating resolution to the wavelengh of light. Abbes calculations maximize resolution in microscopes possible.
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Discovered cell mitosis and chromosomes.
Recognized as one of the 100 most important scientific achievements of all time. -
Figured out an unparalleled illumination system known as Kohler illumination.
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Develops the ultra-microscope, giving the ability to study objects below the wavelength of light.
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Invented the first electron microscope, that blasted past the optical limitations of the light. -
Invents the phase-contrast microscope, the study of colourless and transparent biological materials.
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Developed the electron microscope.
Improves the resolutions and greatly expands the borders of exploration. -
Experiment established the hypothetical processes could produce some building blocks of life without requiring life to synthesize them first. Used materials & components of early earth's atmosphere ( water, methane, ammonia and hydrogen).
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First made the case for endosymbiosis.
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Invent scanning tunneling microscope, gives three- dimensional images of objects down to the atomic level.
