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"If we consider a microscope to be an instrument by which we can observe objects or parts of objects which are too minute to be visible to the naked eye, and which can be used to investigate minute structures of plants or animals, and thus bring to our knowledge facts not otherwise ascertainable, then the microscope is a comparatively modern invention and dates back only to about the end of the sixteenth century." ( Clay, and Court. "A Definition of a Microscope." N.p., 1975. Web. )
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It is said through William Boreel that Hans and Zarcharis Jansen are the inventors of the Microscope. This could only be used for opaque objects and it's power was only 20x. Although it is said that Antoni van Leeuwenhoek created the Microscope by improving lens grinding techniques.
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Galileo created his own telescope which included convex and concave lenses. This later enhanced and innovated the idea of Microscopes and helped as an 'early theory'.
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Robert Hooke publishes the "Micrographia," that has illustrations made with the aid of the Microscope. (Power: 30x)
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Antony van Leeuwenhoek discovers bacteria, free-living, and parastic microscopic protosis, sperm cells, blood cells and more. (Power: 300x)
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Antoni van Leeuwenhook reported that he had observed little animals, protozoa, through a microscope.
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Achromatic lenses were introduced and provided a resolution of 1 micron ( 1/1000mm)
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Cells were finally recognized as part of life.
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Louis Pasteur set out to disprove a spontaneous generation of non-living matter with a now-classic experiment that both firmly established the cell theory beyond doubt and solidified the basic steps of the modern scientific method. (The picture represents and example of how flies appear and react to the presented meat )
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Ernst Abbe publishes his work on the theory of the Microscope. He explains the differences between magnification and resolution, describes 'empty magnification.'
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Ernst Leitz microscope is introduced with a revolving mount (turret) of 5 objects or more.
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Oil immerson lenses (cedar oil) resulted in a homogeneous optical path.
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Wahlter Flemming discovered Mitosis.
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August Kohler figured out how to create a light source and condenser position to get the clearest image.
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Louis Pasteur and Robert Kotch get involved in microscopy and study bacteria.
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Ernst Abbe designed apocrhomatic objective that brings red, yellow, and blue into one focus. This required more than 10 or more elements in the making.
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The first commercial UV Microscope was produced by Zeiss. Based on Abbe's formular, his resolution was twice as stronger and clearer as a visible light microscope.
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Fritz Zernike found it possible to view unstained cells through the phase angle of rays.
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Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska created the first electron microscope.
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Ruska created the first electron microscope to have an accelerating voltage of 17kV. This exceeds the resolution of the light microscope.
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The first electron micrograph of a biological sample. Long-leaved sundew fixed osmium.
(The picture represents a scanning electron micrograph of eyelashes growing from the surface of human skin. ) -
First scanning electron microscope is built.
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First commercially supplied electron microscope supplied by Siemens.
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Commercial microscopes were finally brought to the market.
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The ultimate power of the electron microscope was not realized until the 1950s until ultra-microtones were built.
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The first ultra-microtone created by Porter and Blum.
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The first diamond knife was used in microtones. These instruments could slice pieces of biological materials as thin as 500 angstroms.
(The picture represents a ribbon connected to the diamond tipped knife) -
It's estimated between 1980 and 1989 that the first atomic force laser was commercially available.
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The first scanning probe microscope was invented and works by measuring current.
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A scanning laser confocal microscopes becomes commercially available.
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The Atomic Force Microscope is invented and measures force.
