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Louise Rosenblatt
- Proposed that reading is an interactive process between the reader and the text, where meaning is determined based on the reader's personal experiences.
- Distinguished between aesthetic reading and efferent reading.
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Elementary & Secondary Education Act
- Signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson as part of the War on Poverty to provide equal educational opportunities for all students
- Provided federal funding to schools serving low-income students, helping to close achievement gaps in literacy and other subjects.
- Served as a foundation for later reforms, including No Child Left Behind (2001) and Every Student Succeeds Act (2015), which continued to emphasize literacy.
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Jeanne Chall
- Developed a six-stage model (Chall's Stages of Reading Development" outlining how children progress in reading skills from pre-reading to advanced literacy.
- Emphasized that decoding skills must be paired with comprehension strategies for effective reading.
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Whole Language Approach
- Focused on understanding texts as a whole, encouraging students to obtain meaning from context, rather than just decoding words.
- Encouraged students to engage with aesthetic reading, therefore literature could be more meaningful to them.
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National Literacy Act
- Signed into law to improve adult literacy and workforce readiness across the U.S.
- aims “to enhance the literacy and basic skills of adults, to ensure that all adults in the United States acquire the basic skills necessary to function effectively and achieve the greatest possible opportunity in their work and in their lives, and to strengthen and coordinate adult literacy programs.”
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Common Core
- Developed by national education leaders to establish a consistent framework for literacy education across the U.S.
- Sets specific learning goals for each grade level, ensuring students meet consistent expectations in reading, writing, and literacy.