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1918 - 1930. By the Treaty of Versailles, the Rhineland was supposed to be occpied by France until 1930. After that it was supposed to be a completely demilitarized buffer zone. However, in 1936, Hitler remilitarized this area.
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1918 - 1930. By the Treaty of Versailles, the Rhineland was supposed to be occpied by France until 1930. After that it was supposed to be a completely demilitarized buffer zone. However, in 1936, Hitler remilitarized this area.
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The Allies & Germany sign the Treaty of Versailles, laying the foundation for reparations, German war guilt, loss of colonies & territory and a host of other penalties which will be used by Hitler on his march towards power and war. The conditions of Versailles were largely the responsibility of France which wanted to permanently weaken Germany. The German signers of Versailles were considered to have "stabbed Germany in the back" (Mr. A).
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This timeline begins with the signing of the Treaty of Versailles on 28 June 1919 and cntinues through to the German invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939.
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The Nazi party (NSDAP) was formed from the German Worker's Party on this day and gave out its first program.
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11 Jan 1923 - 18 November 1924. France occupies the German Ruhrvalley and takes over the mines and industry there. This was a response to the Weimar republic's inability/failure to pay back WWI reparations.
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Adolf Hitler staged the Beer Hall Putsch in order to gain power for his new power. However, he ended up being arrested and went to jail.
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On this day the NSDAP Party had an unexpected success during the Reichstag voting with 18.3% giving them 107 seats.
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Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany on 30 January, 1933. Hitler was elected onto the position by a governing body or the people. Instead, he was appointed by President Paul von Hindenburg, after fear of a revolution like Russia had was strong.
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The Reichstag was the home of the German Parliament. On 27 February, 1933 it was burned down. Marinus van der Lubbe, a Communist, was charged guilty of commiting this crime. After this the Kroll Opera House housed the Parliament.
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Chanceller Adolf Hitler imposes the Reichstag Fire Decree upon Germany. This is the day after the Reichstag was burned down. This Decree stipulates that several citizen's rights are thereby suspended. Such liberties included freedom of expression, press, public assembly, and stated that death was the penalty for arson.
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Out of a possible 647 seats in Parliament, The Nazi Party gained only 288 (43.9%). This is very significant, as even though the Nazis had a huge advantage after the Reichstag Fire, the German people in majority still did not favor the Nazis at this time. That would change, however, in the coming years.
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Hitler and the NAZI party open their first concentration camp in Dachau.
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The Enabling Act passed by President Hindenburg allowed Hitler to gain full power and dictatorship
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Treaty between Holy See and Nazi government. Guarantees rights of Catholic church in Germany. (Frank)
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The Ausbuergerungsliste was signed on the 25th of August.
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German officer cors endorses Hitler to succeed ailing President Hindenburg.
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Purge in Germany when Nazi regime carried out series of political murders.
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The July Putsch took place from the 25th to 30th of July in Austria against Austrofacist. On 25 July 1934, 154 SS men disguised as Bundesheer soldiers and policemen attacked the Austrian chancellery. Chancellor Dollfuß was assassinated. Another group of putschists occupied the Radio Verkehrs building and broadcasted a false report about a transfer of power from Dollfuß to Anton Rintelen. This was basically the call for Nazis in Austria to begin their uprising against the state.
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Paul von Hindenburg dies and Adolf Hitler becomes the president and chancellor (Führer & Reichskanzler).
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The German Army pledge their oath of obedience to Hitler. "I swear by God this sacred oath: I will render unconditional obedience to Adolf Hitler, the Führer of the German Reich and people, Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, and will be ready as a brave soldier to risk my life at any time for this oath."
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About 95% of registered voters in Germany went to the polls and gave Hitler 38 million votes (90%). Thus, Hitler could now claim his position as Führer of the German nation with the enthusiastic approval of the people.
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The Saar waas put under the cntrol of the League of Nations for fifteen years and after that the inhabitants got to vote on whether they wanted to rejoin Germany. The results of the vote showed that 90% of the inhabitants wanted to rejoin Germany.
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On this day Jewish people were stripped of their citizenship, they were not allowed to pursue in certain professions, they could not got to german schools, they could not marry Aryans, and some places did not serve them.
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In 1936, Germany maade alliances with Italy (Oct. 21, 1936) and Japan (Nov. 25, 1936) that formed the Axis Powers. November 5, 1937 Hitler plainly states his plans for war, Grossdeutschland, Lebensraum, Volksdeutscher, and his anti-Semantism in a speech.On March 12, 1938, Germany and Austria united. On September 18, 1938, Britain and France sign the Munich Pact allowing Hitler to control the Sudentenland. On 3 Sept. 1939, Britain and France declared war on Germany.
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On this day, Hitler's army marched throughthe streets to celebratet he remilitarization of the region after it was banned in the Treaty of Versailles.
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Mussolini gives a speech in Milan after signing a treaty with Hitler 25 October. He declares that the line from Rome to Berlin created by the agreement between Italy and Germany is an axis, and the countries around it can support the alliance, but they will revolve the around axis as will the rest of the world. It is the first time the word axis was used to describe their cooperation and is the reason that the countries were nicknamed the axis powers during the war.
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Anti-Comintern Pact signed by Nazi Germany and Japan against Comintern, a Communist organization. The two countries would support each other if the communists attacked, since Comintern wanted to get rid of states and would use violence in the process, and the alliance was for safety. The Pact was signed in Berlin by Kintomo Mushakoji, the Japanese ambassador to Germany, and Ribbentrop, the Foreign Minister of Germany. In 1941, more countries signed and it was continued for five more years.
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During the Spanish Civil War, German and Italian airforces bombed the town of Guernica in the Basque region of Spain. They were supporting Francisco Franco, a Nationalist in Spain fighting against the Republican government. Hundreds, possibly thousands of civilians were killed during the attacks and the town was severely damaged, and it was one of the first times civilians were targeted during a war.
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The Nazi Party in Austria took over in government on 11 March, and although the previous government had been considering uniting with Germany, when the Nazis got into power, control of Austria went to Germany and Hitler. Germany annexed Austria and German troops entered it, and many Austrians were happy and willing to unite with Germany. This union, however, violated the Treaty of Versailles, although it was not punished and was also part of “Grossdeutschland,” the union of all German speakers.
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The Evian Conference took place in France from the 6th to the 13th of July, 1938. 31 countries were represented there to discuss the issue fo Jewish fleeing from Nazi persecution. Many Jews and supporters saw the conference as a great hope, but with the United States and Great Britain refusing to take on a substantial number of refugees, the conference was ultimately seen as a failure by the Jewish people of Germany and Austria.
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Neville Chamberlain and Adolf Hitler signed the Munich Agreement on this date, which allowed Nazi Germany to annex the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia. The pact was also signed by representatives from France and Italy.
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The German army marched into the Sudetenland to occupy it on the first of October, 1938, met with cheers from the crowds in the streets. Czechoslovakia no longer had any mountainous protection from the German army.
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The Kristallnacht, organized by Joseph Goebbels, takes place on the 9-10 of November. About 7,500 Jewish businesses were destroyed, and 400 synagogues were burnt. Almost a hundred Jewish people were killed, and another 30,000 incarcerated in concentration camps.
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Hitler demanded that under the principle of Lebensraum, he wished to unite all German speakers in one country, and wanted to include the Germans in Danzig. However, Hitler intended to soon invade Poland regardless.
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Hitler and Stalin sign the Nazi-Soviet Pact. Officially, they are promising that, should one side go to war, they will not fight against one another. Secretly, they are planning to divide up Poland, Hitler's next target, in half between the two of them, as well as other territories in Eastern Europe. (Erika)
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Hitler has his Army invade Poland, and they annex the city of Danzig. This will prompt Britain and France to declare war on Germany a couple days later. (Erika)
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Allied strategic bombing missions andraids. As a large port and industrial center, Hamburg's shipyards, U-boat pens, and the Hamburg oil refineries were attacked throughout the war.
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Battle of the Pacific campaign of World War II, fought on the island of Saipan in the Mariana Islands, US defeated Japan
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an agreement signedbbetween Stalin and Churchill about how to divide southeastern Europe into spheres of influence during the Fourth Moscow Conference
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Wartime meeting of the heads of government of the US, UK, USSR for the purpose of discussing Europe's post-war reorganization.
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More than 3,900 tons of high-explosive bombs and incendiary devices dropped on the city. The resulting firestorm destroyed ~40sq km of the city centre
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Delegates rewrote the Dumbarton Oaks agreements to create the United Nations Charter
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On the 29th of April, Benito Mussolini, along with his wife and 15-man train of the Italian Social Republic, was executed in Giulino di Mezzegra by Communists.
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Potsdam Declaration- a statement calling for the Surrender of Japan in World War II.
Potsdam Agreement- Allied plan of tripartite military occupation and reconstruction of Germany -
Series of military tribunals, held by the victorious Allied forces of World War II, most notable for the prosecution of 24 prominent members of the political, military, and economic leadership of the defeated Nazi Germany
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The International Military Tribunal for the Far East was formed to trial accused people in Japan itself.
Three former (unelected) prime ministers: Koki Hirota, Hideki Tojo, and Kuniaki Koiso were convicted of Class-A war crimes. Two people convicted as Class-A war criminals later served as ministers in post-war Japanese governments.
![Percentages agreement (Nikita) [ USSR and GB ]](https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.timetoast.com/public/uploads/photo/2269832/image/38c6986491f5ad8aaa37bd47af4cedea?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAJB6ZCNNAN7BE7WDQ%2F20250802%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250802T202122Z&X-Amz-Expires=604800&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=e7363cff8f8c7b37fac5c9e992f326f80ae20fe330754d20ae0cf4ceb77654b3)
