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Edward Jenner is Born
Jenner is born in Berkeley, Gloucestershire, England on his father's icorage. But he is orphaned before he was 5 years old, -
Jenner Becomes Apprentice to Abraham Wodlow.
At just 13 years of age, he became apprenticed to Abraham Ludlow, a surgeon of Sodbury. This is where he learns more about smallpox and begins his research. -
Jenner Becomes Resident Pupil under John Hunter.
Jenner goes to London for education, and becomes close friends with John Hunter, a surgeon and anatomist. -
Jenner takes up Schooling in Berkeley.
Jenner returns to Berkely for schooling, where besides London, he spends the rest of his life. -
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Jenner's Schooling and Studies
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Jenner earns the Medical Doctorate from University of St. Andrews.
In 1792 Jenner obtained the medical doctorate from the University of St Andrews in Fife, Scotland. -
Sarah Nelmes (Case XVI) gets Smallpox
Sarah Nelmes, one of the milkmaids Jenner used for research, gets smallpox, which leads to the inoculation of James Phipps days later. -
James Phipps gets the First Vaccination.
James Phipps, eight years old, gardener's son, is infected with cowpox from milkmaid, Sarah Nelmes's cowpox sore. Thus being, the first vaccination -
The Second James Phipps Test,
Following on from a previous experiment on 14th May, he conducted a second experiment which included scraping material from a smallpox sore and inserting it into two cuts on the arm of James Phipps. The boy caught the cowpox from the prevoius experiment, but did not catch smallpox. -
Jenner's Work is First Printed
Jenner's work on smallpox is first published in 1798. -
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Other Doctors Attempt Jenner's Practices.
Other doctors try the vaccination practices, and the vaccinations are ridiculed because the doctors mess up, for example, using the wrong kind of cowpox and not cleaning their equipment. -
Jenner Recieves Grant for His Work
Edward Jenner was awarded a grant of £10,000 by the government. -
Jenner Recieves another Grant.
Edward Jenner was awarded a grant of further £20,000 by the government. -
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Miasma Theory
The Miasma Theory was a major theory during John Snow's lifetime. It was theory that you could become ill by breathing in the germs that were in the air. This theory was not true, however, and Snow was not a big belliever in it. -
John Snow Birth
John Snow was born in Yorkshire England. -
Louis Pasteur was born
Pasteur was born. -
Jenner dies,
Jenner dies of apoplexy. -
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John Snow's Schooling
John Snow studied in York England where he was an apprentice with WIlliam Harcastle. John Snow enrolled as a student to the Hunterian School of Medicine. He also worked at the Westminster Hospital . -
Lister Born
Joseph Lister is born in Essex, England. -
Lister's father makes the first achromatic microscope
Lister's father makes the first achromatic microscope which allowed for easiar studying of germs and bacteria. This Microscope helped Lister work with the germ theory. -
First Cholera Outbreak for John Snow
Snow became intersted in the prevention of cholera after an outbreak in 1831 and 1832. He treated patients in the epidemic and saw the devestation it caused. -
John Snow became intersted in cholera
John Snow became interested in cholera after treating choler patients in the the epidemic of 1831. -
Ended Apprenticiship with Surgeon
John Snow began an apprenticiship with a surgeon at the age of 14. This interested him in becomeing a doctor, and he was an apprentice for six years. Working with this surgeon started him on the road to becoming a researcher and intersted in becoming a doctor. -
Admitted into the Royal College of Surgeons of England
Snow attended regular meetings at certain groups, always striving to improve his medical knowledge. -
Smallpox Vaccination becomes Free for Infants.
Smallpox vaccinations became free for all infants this year. -
Robert Koch Is Born
Robert Koch is born in Klausthal, Germany, one of 13 children. -
Snow appointed anesthesiologist of St. Georges Hospital
John Snow became the anesthesiologist at St. George's Hosptial in England. -
Published a book on anesthesia
Published a textbook on the administration and effects of anesthetic vapors. -
Cholera Outbreak of 1849
An outbreak of cholera interested John Snow in finding a solutiion to cholera. He worked first hand with people suffering from the illness, and wanted to find a way to treat patients. -
Published "On the Mode of Communication of Cholera"
Wrote this book and included charts on how he solved the Broad Street Pump Outbreak. -
Snow used chloroform on Queen Victoria during childbirth
John Snow used the anesthesia chloroform on Queen VIctoria during her son's birth. -
Broad Street Pump Outbreak
John Snow became the first epidemiologist when he surveyed and found out that the source of the cholera was a contaminated pump that had been tainted with sewage. -
Snow realizes unhealthy conditions lead to cholera outbreak
Conditions in 1854 were very unhealthy. Cow sheds, animal droppings, slaughterhouses, grease-boiling dens, and open sewers mixing with water pumps caused a massive cholera outbreak. When Snow found the contaminated water pump, he realized the importance of public sewage systems. -
Snow used anesthesia again on Queen Victoria
Snow gave chloroform to Queen Victoria again during her daughter Princess Beatrice's birth. -
John Snow Died
John Snow dies June 16, 1858 at the age of 45 years old. He had multiple health issures, including kidney disease. This caused him to die early. -
John Snow died
John Snow died of an over dose of anesthesia that he was testin gon himself. He had had multiple health problems his whole life and suffered from kindey problems. -
Pasteur's Germ Theory
Using his new germ theory, he discovered a parasite that was attacking silkworms. He also discovered that germs always came from other germs. If all the germs in a given product could be killed, and the product protected from future invasions. -
First experiments on pasteurization
Pasteur and Claude Bernard completed the first experiments on pasteurization in 1862. His theories and observations on how bacteria enter the body led directly to Joseph Lister's development of antiseptic surgical methods. -
Robert Koch Begins his Studies at Gottingen College
Robert Koch begins his medicinal studies at Gottingen University. His teachers were Friedrich Wohler in chemistry, Wilhelm Krause in pathology, Georg Meissner in physiology, and Jacob Henle in anatomy. -
Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation.
Pasteur disproved that microbes don't spontaneously generation. -
Lister Learns of Pasteur
Lister learns of Pasteur's work and of germ theory. -
Lister Preforms First Antiseptic Surgery
Lister Preforms First Antiseptic Surgery on a compound fracture. He used carbolic acid in a spray pump as well as refined carbolic acid that he put directly on the wound. he then wrapped the wound with a rag soaked in carbolic acid. -
Problem with silkworms
In 1865, he was asked to investigate his first disease called pébrine that affected the silk worm industry. Within a year, Pasteur had established that the disease was caused by a living organism and he now became convinced that microbes could also affect humans as well as beer and silk worms. In this sense, Pasteur believed that microbes could spread diseases among humans. -
Robert Koch Graduates from University of Gottingen
Robert Koch graduated from University of Gottingen with eximia cum laude, the second-highest passing grade, which translates from Latin to English as "he/she is accepted with excellent praise." -
Inspired?
In 1868, Pasteur suffered from a brain haemorrhage that affected the left side of his body. This affected his ability to work but the work that he had done up to 1868, had inspired a number of younger scientists. -
Lister and cat gut ligatures
Lister proved that cat gut ligatures could be absorbed by the body, and if soalked in carbolic acid they could be sterilized, while regular ligatures that were made of silk could not. -
Franco-Prussian War, Lister
Lister publishes A Method of Antiseptic Treatment Applicable to Wounded Soldiers in the Present War, teaching soldiers how to stop infection on the battlefield. -
Franco-Prussian War begins
The Franco-Prussian War begins, where Koch served as a miltary physician for the Prussians (Germany's largest state when the German Empire began after this war) -
Franco-Prussian War Ends
The Franco-Prussian War comes to an end, living Koch out of a job. This also marked the begining of the German Empire, which, as previously said, had Prussia as its largest state. -
Koch's Research on Anthrax Starts
Robert Koch begins working on isolating the bacteria that causes the disease Anthrax. -
Koch isolates Anthrax Bacteria
In 1876, Robert Koch Isolated the anthrax bacilli, the bacteria we now know causes anthrax. -
TB Bacteria Isolated
Robert Koch isolates the Tuberculosis bacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. He would win the Nobel Prize for his work on TB -
Cholera Bacteria Discoverd
Robert Koch discovered the bacteria that causes cholera in India and Egypt. The Bacteria that causes cholera is called vibrio cholerae. -
Listerine Created
Listerine is created by Joseph Jackson and named after Lister, because it is an antiseptic for your mouth. -
The Pasteur Institute was opened
Louis Pasteur tried to convince surgeons that germs existed and carried diseases, and dirty instruments and hands spread germs and therefore disease. His pasteurization process killed germs -
Institute for Infectious Diseases is Founded
Robert Koch founds and directs the Institute for Infectious Disease in Berlin. -
Louis Pasteur died
Pastuer died -
Nobel Prize in Medicine goes to Koch
Robert Koch wins the Nobel Prize in the Medicine category for his work on tuberculosis. -
Robert Koch Dies
Robert Koch dies at the age of 67 -
Lister Dies
Lister dies at age 85. -
World War 1 Begins
World War 1 begins. -
Germany Surrenders to end World War One
The Germans surrender to end WW1. This marks the end of the German Empire, started in the Franco-Prussian War, which Robert Koch served in.
