-
Dissecting and experimenting on animals Galen proves that arteries contain blood and suggests that the system of arteries and veins are completely distinct, and he also predicts that blood forms in the liver and travels through the veins to all parts of the body and passes between the ventricles through pores in the septum.
-
In Alexandria, Egypt, Herophilus was one of the first Greek anatomists to publicly dissect human cadavers and in doing so he discovered that arteries are thicker than veins and carry blood.
-
The Greek philosopher Aristotle theorized that the heart is the central organ of the body and for that reson he presumed that the heart was the seat of the soul.
-
Hippocrates theorized that the body is comprised of four humors, blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile, and that their imbalances are what causes disease.
-
The Greek philosopher of Sicily, Empedocles believed that the heart controled the emotions of a human being.
-
In 500 B.C. Alcmaeon, of Croton, discovers that arteries and veins are dissimilar, by dissecting animals.
-
Andreas Vesalius acuses Galen of being wrong in works dealing with detailing human anatomy
-
Fabricius publishes his work on valves in the vein, which had the first drawing of vein valves
-
Jan Swammerdam is the first person to see and decrbe red blood cells
-
Marcello Malpighi observes the capillary system using a rudimentary microscope
-
In England, Richard Lower performs the first recorded blood transfusion in animals. Richard Lower performs the first known blood transfusion on an animal
-
Drs. Richard Lower and Edmund King give Arthur Coga, a transfusion of several ounces of sheep's blood and the patient recovers nicely.
-
Anton van Leeuwenhoek discovers the size of red blood cells
-
William Hewson describes his research on blood coagulation
-
Philip Syng Physick is said to be the first to perform a human-to-human blood transfusion,
-
Sir William Osler discovered that small cell in the bone marrow make up the bulk in blood clots.
-
Dr. Landsteiner's colleagues Alfred von Decastello and Adriano Sturli discovered a fourth blood group -- AB
-
Dr. Reuben Ottenberg operates the first transfuion using cross matching and has used this method over the next several years
-
Scientists Albert Hustin and Luis Agote discover that adding sodium citrate to blood will prevent it from clotting.
-
Francis Peyton Rous and J.R. Turner develop a citrate-glucose solution that allows blood to be reserved for a few weeks after its obtain and still remain viable for transfusion.
-
Dr. Oswald Robertson establishes the first blood depot.
-
Dr. Serge Yudin is the first to test the efficacy of transfusing humans with cadaver blood.
-
Dr. Norman Bethune, organizes The Spanish-Canadian Blood Transfusion Institute.
-
Drs. Karl Landsteiner and Alexander Wiener discover the Rh blood group, and identify the antibody found by Levine and Steston to be anti-Rh.
-
Edwin Cohn invents a method to separate the different proteins in liquid protein
-
Trained surgeon Dr. Carl W. Walter, develops a plastic bag for collecting blood.
-
Dr. Max Perutz is able to unravel the structure of hemoglobin through the use of X-ray crystallography.
-
Drs. Kenneth M. Brinkhous and Edward Shanbrom produce a highly concentrated form of Factor VIII.
-
Dr. Baruch Blumberg identifies a substance on the surface of the hepatitis B virus that causes the production of antibodies. His work leads to the creation of a test to detect the presence of hepatitis B antibodies, in which is used for identifying infected donors.
-
The first cases of a AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) are reported.
-
Dr. Bruce Evatt, begins to suspect that the syndrome of AIDS may be blood borne and presents his theories at a meeting of a group of the U.S. Public Health Service in July.
-
Scientist at Dr. Luc Montagnier's lab at the Institute Pasteur, in France, isolate the virus that causes AIDS.
-
Dr. Robert Gallo announces that he has identified the virus that causes AIDS, and calls it HTLV III
-
The first blood screening test to detect the presence or absence of HIV antibodies or the ELISA test is conducted on several patients who may have AIDS
-
In 2500 B.C. the Egyptians from Memphis, Egypt used bleeding to help treat there patients.