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Period: 476 to Jan 1, 1453
MIDDLE AGES
started in 456, ended in 1453 -
500
Music notation
Music notaton was created in the middle ages. Scribes began to draw over the texts to help monks remember the melody. The symbols were called neumes; they were staright & curved lines. This is the neumatic notation.
During the middle ages, neumes evolved into square shapes. -
530
culture
The clergy were at the centre of much of medieval culture. Monasteries/cathedrals has schools that taught monks to read & write.
6th century: universties started to appear for liberal arts. They were divided into Trivium (grammar, logic & rhetoric) & Quadrivium (arithemitc, geometry, astronomy & theory of music).
Spirituality was more important than beauty in art. Art was an offering to god. -
801
Politics of the middle ages
Feudalism was the the most dominant social, political, and economic force in the Medieval era. Monarchs, (kings & queens) had control and power by the support of other powerful people called lords. Lords were men who owned excesive homes called manors & estate. -
1050
Music notation
A great contibution to music notaion was invented by Guido d'Arezzo. He created a systen which is now the origin of our music notation:
He named each note of the scale.The name of the notes was taken from the first syllable of each line of a hymn dedicated to a baptist. -
Period: Apr 15, 1452 to May 2, 1519
Leonardo da Vinci
He was a painter, anatomist, architect, paleontologist, botanist, scientist, writer, sculptor, philosopher, engineer, inventor, musician, poet, and urban planner. His most famous work is the Mona Lisa, which is currenly in the Louvre. -
1453
start of the Renaissance
Started with the fall of the Byzantine empire. -
Period: 1453 to
RENAISSANCE - Renaissance in Europe
Fall of the byzantine empire: 1453, french revolution: 1789. After the discovery of America, trading routes and colonies were established all over the world. Monarchies were more powerful now, science made huge advances and there was big social transformations. The Renaissance started in Italy & appeared in Europe in the 15th-17th. It was the “rebirth” of the culture of antiquity. It started the 14th century, after the end of the Middle Ages, and reached it's height in the 15th century. -
1460
society (renaissance)
A new social class became more influencial; the bourgoisie. This class consisted mainly of merchants and artisans.
The nobility and the Church were interested in the arts and the sciences. This is how the first patrons appeared; powerful people who supported and financed the work of artists. For the first time, both composers and performers were recognised as a real artists. -
1470
Culture (renaissance)
During the renaissance there was a movement called Humanism; The idea that humans are the centre of the universe. Artists were influenced by humanism & they started to see art as a job. They got back to the art of the classical world & achieved an ideal form of beauty in their works, based on harmony and proportions in man and nature. -
Period: May 24, 1494 to Jan 2, 1557
Pontormo (renaissance)
Pontormo was an Italian Renaissance painter. Hes painted things like 'Joseph in Egypt', and 'the descent from the cross'. -
start of the baroque
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Period: to
Baroque
The cultural period that developed in Europe in the 17th century and the first half of the 18th century. Characterized by a pessimistic view of life and the importance of feelings. -
Period: to
Calderón de la Barca
1600-1681. Pedro Calderón de la Barca was a Spanish writer , Catholic priest, member of the Venerable Congregation of Natural Secular Presbyters of Madrid San Pedro Apostol and knight, known for being one of the most distinguished baroque writers of the Golden Age, especially for his theater . -
Period: to
The Thirty Years' War
It was a war fought in Central Europe involving most of the great European powers of the time. It marked the future of the whole of Europe in the following centuries It was a political-religious conflict, but the gradual intervention of the European powers turned the conflict into a general war not related to religion. The greatest impact was the devastation of places for supplies. Episodes of famine and disease decimated the the German states and, Netherlands and Italy. -
Peace of Westphalia
Peace of Westphalia is the two peace treaties of Osnabrück and Münster. The Holy Roman Emperor, the Hispanic Monarchy, the kingdoms of France and Sweden participated in these treaties. The Peace of Westphalia was the first modern diplomatic congress and initiated a new order in central Europe based on the concept of national sovereignty. For this reason, it marked the birth of the nation state. -
Period: to
antonio vivaldi
Antonio Vivaldi (1678 –1741) was a Baroque Venetian Catholic composer, violinist, impresario, teacher and priest. He is considered one of the greatest Baroque composers. He composed some 770 works, including more than 400 concertos, for violin and a variety of other musical instruments, and some 46 operas. -
comprehensive theory of gravity book
Isaac Newton published a comprehensive theory of gravity in 1687. Though others had thought about it before him, Newton was the first to create a theory that applied to all objects, large and small, using maths that was ahead of its time. -
Period: to
The classical period
Lasted between the early modern period and the late modern period. -
The end of the renaissance
The french revolution. -
Period: to
The Romantic Period
Related to the artistic and philosophical movement of the same name that occurred between the end of the 18th century and the middle of the 19th century. It defended individuality, subjectivity and creative freedom. -
Period: to
The industrial revolution
1820-1840, the First Industrial Revolution, spread to the rest of Europe from Britain. A large number of people emigrated to cities and overseas colonies. Capitalism was established after the Second Industrial Revolution (1870-1914) and new production methods and industries appeared.
Society was divided into:
- The ruling class (aristocracy & bourgeoisie).
- The middle class (professionals &civil servants).
- The working class. -
end of the baroque