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The Risorgimento movement fought and it fulfilled the goal of Italian nationalists and irredentists.
picture: the Italian royal family that was taken out of power once Italy had gained its independence -
Italy took the Papal States over through the backing of a plebiscite held in early October, this happened due to the pope not wanting to agree with Italy’s terms. Both the Papal states and Rome were annexed to the kingdom of Italy.
picture: a map image of the Papal states -
Mussolini wanted to conquer Ethiopia due to the borders but failed due to the Ethiopians defeat of the Italians and Eritreans
picture: a painting of the first italo-ethiopian war -
To take control of his own image, Mussolini took over the Avanti newspaper which was the loudest voice for the Socialist's party.
picture: a cover of the Avanti newspaper -
the Italian government invaded Libya and captured tripoli from the Turkish they did this to conduct a military operation against the ottoman empire.
picture: a picture taken as Italy invaded Tripoli's shoreline -
This was the event in which Mussolini was kicked out of his position in the Italian Social Party (PSI) because of his political standpoints and actively advocating military intervention in WW1. He publicly would oppose socialist policies being neutral.
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The Treaty of London was a secret treaty between neutral Italy and the Allied forces (France, Britain, and Russia) to bring Italy into World War I. Italy was promised Trieste, southern Tyrol, northern Dalmatia, and other territories in return for a pledge to enter the war within a month.
picture: a photo of the treaty of London after being signed -
A fascist organization formed by Mussolini in 1919 which was created after WWI and made to appeal to veterans across the political spectrum. This was later reorganized into the National Fascist Party (1921).
picture: the symbol representing the Fascio di Combattimento -
The PNF was an Italian political party formed by Mussolini as a political expression of Italian Fascism and a reorganization of the earlier Italian Fasces de Combat. Mussolini was elected the leader.
Picture: a symbol of the PNF -
Gabriele D'annunzio, an Italian Nationalist poet decided to take Fiume, as he gathered men and claimed himself the commandant. The groups name was 'Reggenza Italian Del Carnaro'. This success was later thwarted by the Treaty of Rapallo, naming Fiume a free state.
picture: The men D'Annunzio gathered on their way to Fiume -
1919-1920 this was a social conflict within Italy following WWI that led to a violent reaction of the Fascist blackshirts militia and the march on Rome.
picture: the Fascist blackshirts militia in action -
Giovanni Giolitti who was an Italian statesman and was prime minister if offered the fascists an electoral alliance, an antisocialist National Bloc, for the national elections. This is where 35 fascists were elected, including Mussolini.
picture: a portrait of Giolitti himself -
27-29 October, 1922 The march on Rome marked the beginning of fascist rule in Italy and became the downfall of preceding parliamentary regimes of socialists nd liberals. Mussolini was appointed Prime Minister by the king.
picture: the march on Rome -
The Acerbo Law was an Italian electoral law proposed by Baron Giacomo Acerbo and passed by the Italian Parliament. Its purpose was to give Mussolini's fascist party a majority of deputies.
picture: a portrait of Baron Giacomo Acerbo -
A brief occupation of the Greek island of Corfu by Italian forces. Italians forming part of an international boundary delegation were murdered on Greek soil, leading Benito Mussolini to order a naval bombardment of Corfu.
picture: an image of the Italian boundaries being created of of the shores of Corfu -
Withdrawal of the parliament opposition, mainly comprising the Italian Socialist Party, Italian Liberal Party, Italian Popular Party and Italian Communist Party, from the Italian Chamber of Deputies, following the murder of the deputy Giacomo Matteotti by fascists on June 10th, 1924.
picture: leaders discussing the Aventine Seccession -
1924-1925 political confrontation between liberals and the Fascist government of Italy after the assassination of Giacomo Matteotti, a Socialist opposition deputy, by Fascist thugs in June 1924.
picture: a portrait of Giacomo Matteotti -
A campaign by Mussonini with the aim of self-sufficient wheat production in Italy. It was successful obtaining the increase in the national production of wheat.
picture: Mussolini threshing grain in the marshes -
A treaty written between Britain, France, Belgium, Italy, and Germany that granted protection of Germany's Western Frontier. Italy committed itself to repelling any armed aggression across the frontier.
picture: meeting of the Locarno Treaty -
An economic policy undertaken by the Fascists in Italy during the 1920's to make Italy maintain its complexion of being a great power.
picture: a news article criticizing the battle for land/lira -
A demographic campaign that aimed at increasing the Italian population from 40 million in 1927 to 60 million by 1950. In order to make this idea more appealing to the public, the government would give loans to married couples and take away taxes to those families that produced at least 6 kids. He would also increase the taxes of bachelors and high merit jobs were only offered to those who were married and fertile.
picture: a badge of honor to mothers who gave birth to more than 5 children. -
15 nations signed the pact at Paris. Signatories included France, the United States, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Belgium, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Italy and Japan. Eventually 62 nations signed this treaty and its main purpose was to prevent war through a means of limiting naval construction.
picture: world leaders at the Kellogg-Briand treaty meeting signing it -
In order to increase he Fascist party agenda, Mussolini created the Lateran Treaties with the Pope. These treaties declared the Vatican City to be its own independent state, the pope would recognize the Italian state, and agreed Roman Catholicism would be the official religion of Italy.
picture: Mussolini speaking with the pope and discussing the Lateran Treaty -
a dispute between Italian and Abyssinian forces in the Wal-Wal oasis. Mussolini used this as a reason for the invasion of Abyssinia in 1935. During this march to war, the Abyssinian leader, Haile Selassie, took his case to the League of Nations in the hope of receiving assistance from them.
picture: a map of where Italy invaded during the Abyssinian crisis -
Coalition of France, Britain, and Italy formed in April 1935 at Stresa, Italy, to oppose Adolf Hitler's announced intention to rearm Germany, which violated terms of the Treaty of Versailles.
picture: a political cartoon depicting Hitler being outcasted in the Stresa front discussion -
Rome-Berlin Axis, Coalition formed in 1936 between Italy and Germany. An agreement formulated by Italy's foreign minister Galeazzo Ciano informally linking the two fascist countries was reached on October 25, 1936. It was finalized in 1939.
picture: Mussolini and Hitler driving together after discussing the treaty -
Following the military coup in Spain at the start of the Spanish Civil War, the Spanish Second Republic turned to the Soviet Union and France for support, and the Nationalists requested the support of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. Italy sent 80,000 men, of whom almost 6,000 belonged to the Italian Air Force, 45,000 to the army and 29,000 to the fascist militia. Italy was against Spain.
picture: a political cartoon about the Spanish civil war -
An agreement between Germany, Italy, Great Britain and France, stating Germany would have permission to annex Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia.
picture: various world leaders meet at the Munich conference -
Apr 7, 1939 – Apr 12, 1939
It was a brief military campaign by Italy towards the Albanians. Their previous disagreement was surrounding imperialism policies imposed by Mussolini during the interwar period, resulting in Italian victory and King Zog leaving Albania after it became part of the Italian protectorate.
picture: Italian troops marching into Durrës, Albania, 7 Apr 1939 -
France was about to fall and World War II seemed virtually over, did Italy join the war on Germany's side, still hoping for territorial spoils. -
Mussolini is voted out of power by his own Grand Council and arrested upon leaving a meeting with King Vittorio Emanuele, who tells Il Duce that the war is lost. Mussolini responded to it all with an uncharacteristic meekness. -
Benito Mussolini was summarily executed by an Italian Partisan in the small village of Giulino di Mezzegra in northern Italy in the final days of WWII.
picture: a portrait of Benito Mussolini