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Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) was born
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Ataturk attended a couple different military schools during this time period.
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PROMOTION!
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He started to work at the General Staff Office in Istanbul. He was sent to Tripoli, Libia to take part in the war against Italian army.
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He was made the commander of Derne, Libia. He joined the units from Gallipoli when the Balkan war broke out.
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He was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel in Sofia.
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The enemy forces were stopped by the 19th Divison under Mustafa Kemal’s command at Conkbayiri. He was promoted to the rank of colonel after this victory. He is remembered with the famous words that he addressed to the soldiers: “I am not giving you an order to attack, I am ordering you to die!”
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He went to Samsun as an Army Inspector upon the Allied forces started to take over the Ottoman armies and invade Istanbul. He declared that ” The freedom of the nation shall be restored with the resolve and determination of the nation itself” and called the meetings in Amasya, Sivas and Erzurum. Greek Army invaded Anatolia.
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He was elected as the head of the national assembly as well as the head of the government. The assembly decided to integrate the army and Kuva-i Milliye, the militia.
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After beating the Greeks in Dumlupinar, Mustafa Kemal’s army gets control over Izmir in the following month.
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The Treaty of Lausanne superceded the Treaty of Sevres and Turkey recovered all of Anatolia and eastern Thrace from the Greek Army.
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The Turkish Republic was formally proclaimed and M. K. Atatürk was unanimously elected as its first President. The first government of the Republic was formed by Ismet Inönü. Turkish Republic started to grow on the foundations of the twin principles “Sovereignty, unconditionally belongs to the nation” and “peace at home, peace in the world” Atatürk undertook a series of reforms to “raise Turkey to the level of modern civilization” which can be grouped under five titles: Political reforms, social
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Abolishment of the caliph (the position of nominal head of the Islamic faith, held by the Ottoman Sultans). Unification of education.
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He read his Great Speech, which covers the War of Independence and the founding of the Republic.
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The government decreed that the Arabic script be replaced by a modified Latin alphabet, which was easier to learn and teach and made publishing much easier. All citizens from six to 40 years of age were made to attend school and learn the new alphabet. The Turkish language was “purified” by the removal of many Arabic and Persian words and their replacement by new Turkish ones.
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The main difference of the principles of Serbest Cumhuriyet Firkasi (Liberal Republic Party) was liberalism against the statism in CHP (Republican People’s Party). But after the reactionist attitudes of the new members, which were against revolutionism, Fethi Bey closed it.
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Abolution of tithe, encouragement of the farmers, establishment of model farms, establishment of industrial facilities, and putting into effect a law for Incentives for the Industry, putting into effect Ist and IInd Development Plans, to develop transportation Networks.
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Title basically says it.
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Acccording to the Law on Family Names, the Turkish Grand Assembly gave “Atatürk” (Father of Turks) as last name to Mustafa Kemal.
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Women were given the vote for parliamentary members and were made eligible to hold parliamentary seats.
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The Restoration of Turkish sovereignty over the Straits under the Montreux Convention.
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He died at 09:05 a.m. at the Dolmabahce Palace, defeated by the liver ailment he had been suffering from.
