New Frontiers, Familiar Enemies Timeline

Unit 11 Key Terms

Period: Mar 1, 1940 to Mar 1, 1995

Potsdam Agreement

Jul 17, 1945

meeting between the Allied leaders (Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin) and the end of World War II. the purpose of this conference was to determine postwar borders, negotiate treaties, and come to a decision about the handling of Germany.

Vietnam

Feb 28, 1954

small country in the easternmost part of Southeast Asia. this country has seen very little independence as it has been under a lot of foreign rule. during Vietnem's revolt against French rule, the U.S. aided the French in hopes of containing Communism. in August of 1964, after the Gulf of Tonkin incident, the U.S. went to war with Vietnam. in 1976, Vietnam is finally unified as a Communist country.

Domino Theory

Mar 1, 1954

President Eisenhower speculated if one nation were to fall to Communism, other nations would follow. this idea led to the Cold War "containment" and was a reason that the U.S. became involved with Vietnam.

OPEC

Mar 4, 1960

Organization of the Petroleum-Exporting Countries. formed to administer a common policy for the sale of petroleum. because of their support for Israel in 1973, OPEC placed embargoes on U.S. oil shipments.

Chicano Movement

Mar 4, 1960

movement that worked to gain social justice and equality for the Hispanic community. their three goals were for the restoral of land, rights for farm workers, and education reforms for Hispanics. they supported the presidential campaign for JFK, which gave the movement a huge boost.

Lyndon B. Johnson

Feb 28, 1963

36th president of the United States. he had a lot of involvement in the civil rights movement, such as passing the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and meeting with MLK leading up to the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Johnson was also a huge advocate for the "domino theory" and greatly escalated U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.

Great Society

Mar 1, 1963

started by President Lyndon B. Johnson, it's purpose was to help the poor through federally funded programs.

Affirmative Action

Mar 4, 1963

policy that helped groups that suffered from discrimination through economic and educational opportunities.

Gulf of Tonkin

Aug 2, 1964

this incident increased presidential powers for war options. President Johnson reported an alleged attack on U.S. naval boats by North Vietnamese gun boats, using this as a reason for the U.S. to become involved in the Vietnam War.

Escalation

Mar 1, 1965

to increase or intensify. the U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War escalated when President Johnson released the Gulf of Tonkin information.

Anti-War Movement

Mar 1, 1965

campaign against the continuance of involvement in a war. in the U.S., society saw a very intense and widespread movement against U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War. there were demonstrations, marches, petitions, group protests, and the prtesting age ranged from teenagers to older citizens. the media coverage of the Vietnam War and the reactions of citizens in the U.S. gave momentum to the anti-Vietnam-War movement.

Draft

Mar 1, 1965

form of compulsory military service that guarantees the armed forces has enough men to serve in case of emergency or war. the Vietnam War draft saw a lot of protest, with draftees burning their draft cards or refusing to go overseas.

Head Start

Mar 4, 1965

program that helps preschoolers coming from low-income families by enhancing the social and cognitive development of the child to promote school readiness.

Abbie Hoffman

Feb 28, 1967

social and political activist in America. he helped found the Youth International Party and was a big advocate for the anti-war movement during the Vietnam War era. well known for his media demonstrations.

TET Offensive

Jan 30, 1968

military campaign lauched by North Vietnam against the South. it began when the South Vietnamese National Liberation Force simultaneously attacked a number of targets, a few of those having a large concentration of U.S. troops.

Richard Nixon

Feb 28, 1968

Vice President during Eisenhower's presidency, and 37th President. Nixon was the one that escalated U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, but in 1973 he was also responsible for ending U.S. involvement.

Federal Housing Authority

Mar 4, 1968

part of the National Housing Act of 1934, and its purpose was to help more people qualify for mortgages. however, until 1968, intentional discrimination could be seen with who received mortgages.

Roy Benavidez

May 2, 1968

Texas soldier that served in the Vietnam War. he saved the lives of many soldiers during that war, and also won the Congressional Medal of Honor in 1968.

Vietnamization

Mar 1, 1969

U.S. attempt to empower and equip the South Vietnamese Army.

Tinker v. Des Moines

Mar 4, 1969

this case supported the existence of the 1st amendment in the public school system, and stated that schools could not expel students for exercising their freedom of speech. in this case, students were wearing arm bands that protested U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, and after they were expelled, they made the issue public.

26th Amendment

Mar 1, 1971

amendment that extended the voting rights to citizens 18 and older. ratified because 18-year-olds were able to be drafted into war but could not vote.

Title IX

Jun 23, 1972

part of the Educational Amendments of 1972, it made it illegal to deny a person the right to participate in a federally funded activity based on their gender.

War Powers Act

Nov 7, 1973

this act was put into action in order to define and limit the president's ability to put U.S. troops overseas.

Fall of Saigon

Apr 30, 1975

the fall occured when the last American helicopter left Saigon and Communist forces took over control of the city. "Boat People" were those that tried to escape Saigon by sea.

NAFTA

Mar 4, 1991

North American Free Trade Agreement. treaty between Canada, the United States, and Mexico, and it was signed to eliminate trade barriers between the countries. labor unions showed opposition to this because they would not be helped by more efficient trade.