Period 3

  • Albany Plan of Union

    -proposal by Benjamin Franklin
    -create a unified government for 13 colonies
    -coordinate defense and relations with Native Americans
    -early step toward colonial unity
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    Seven Years' War

    -French and Indian War in colonies
    -global conflict between Britain and France
    -fought over control of Ohio River Valley in North America
    -Britain's victory expanded its empire
    -led to massive debt and increased colonial taxation
  • Pontiac's Rebellion

    -uprising by Native American tribes
    -led by Chief Pontiac
    -against British postwar policies in Great Lakes region
    -led Britain to issue the Proclamation of 1763 to stabilize relations with Native Americans
  • Currency Act

    -British law prohibited the colonies from printing their own paper money
    -destabilizing the colonial economy
    -increased resentment against British control
  • Mutiny Act

    -also called Quartering Act
    -required colonial assemblies to house + supply British troops
    -seen by colonists as infringement on their rights + autonomy
  • Boston Massacre

    -confrontation
    -British soldiers killed 5 colonial civilians
    -used as propaganda by patriots to rally anti British sentiment
  • Boston Tea Party

    -protest by Sons of Liberty
    -colonists disguised as Mohawk Indians
    -dumped tea into Boston Harbor
    -response to Tea Act
    -provoked the Coercive Acts
  • Coercive Acts

    -known as Intolerable Acts
    -punitive laws passed by Britain after Boston Tea Party
    -aimed to tighten control
    -united colonies in opposition
  • First Continental Congress

    -meeting of delegates from 12 colonies(not Georgia)
    -organize resistance to Coercive Acts
    -resulted in boycott of British goods and creation of Continental Association
  • Quebec Act

    -law extended Quebec's boundaries into the Ohio Valley
  • Olive Branch Petition

    -last attempt by Continental Congress to reconcile with Britain
    -rejected by King George III
    -pushed colonies toward independence
  • Prohibitory Act

    -British law
    -declared American colonies in rebellion
    -cut off all trade
  • Declaration of Independence

    -drafted mainly by Thomas Jefferson
    -declared independence from Britain
    -outlined natural rights
    -justified revolution against tyranny
  • Battle at Saratoga

    -turning point battle
    -American victory
    -convinced France to ally with colonies
    -crucial military and financial support
  • Battle at Yorktown

    -final major battle of Revolutionary war
    -Cornwallis surrendered to Washington
    -ending the conflict
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    Articles of Confederation

    -1st governing document of U.S.
    -created weak central government
    -led to economic and political instability
  • New Jersey Plan

    -proposal at Constitutional Convention
    -equal representation of states in Congress
    -regardless of population
    -favored small states
  • Virginia Plan

    -Constitutional proposal by Madison
    -favored representation in congress
    -based on population
    -favored large states
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    The Federalist Papers

    -series of essays
    -written by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay
    -supported ratification of Constitution
    -argued for strong central government with checks + balances
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    Hamilton's Financial Plan

    -stabilize new economy
    -assumption of state debts
    -creation of a national bank
    -excise taxes
    -protective tariffs to encourage industry
  • Bill of Rights

    -first 10 amendments to the Constitution
    -guaranteed individual liberties and protections against government power
    -demanded by anti federalists
  • Whiskey Rebellion

    -uprising in western Pennsylvania
    -against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey
    -washington sent troops to assert federal authority
  • Jay's Treaty

    -between U.S. and Britain
    -resolve lingering issues after Revolution
    -unpopular
    -helped prevent war
  • Pinckney's Treaty

    -treaty with Spain
    -gave Americans access to Mississippi River
    -right of deposit in New Orleans
    -boosted western expansion
  • Alien and Sedition Acts

    -passed under John Adams
    -restricted immigration
    -criminalize criticism of the government
    -unpopular
    -seen as violating 1st amendment
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    The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

    -written by Jefferson and Madison
    -responded to Alien and Sedition Acts
    -argued that states could nullify unconstitutional federal laws
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    Quasi-War

    -undeclared naval conflict between U.S. and France
    -stemming from French anger over Jay's Treaty and XYZ affair
  • Revolution of 1800

    -peaceful transfer of power from federalists to democratic republicans
    -marked test of new constitutional system