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Peter, as a child, mostly played violent games which can be assumed to be part of why he grew up to become a very military focused leader
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When Peter was only 10 years old, a mob came into the Kremlin and killed many of Peter's family members including his uncle. This shows how Peter grew up in a violent atmosphere
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In 1689, Peter's mom arranged for him to marry Eudoxia Lopukhina. Peter was 17 at the time. This was mostly a political act, however, Peter payed little attention and exiled her in 1698.
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In order to gain access to the Black Sea, Peter took over Azov in 1696
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From 1696 to 1698, Peter traveled incognito through Europe for the purpose of education. He visited manufacturers, barracks, schools, interviewed scientists & technicians as well as worked in a shipyard. When visiting the English Houses of Parliament, he was disgusted with how the common folk dared to publicly discuss and critize the policies of the nation
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During Peters trip to Europe, he worked in a shipyard for four months in Amsterdam. Here he learned how ships were crafted.
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In 1698, Peter established a tax on beards and decreed that nobles and officials must wear Western clothing. This was to introduce the western customs he had observed during his travels into Russia.
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A new revolt in Russia happened and it worked in the favor of Peter. When this happened he thought of the idea to overthrow his half-sister. He was able to successfully remove Sophia from power. Ivan and Peter still ruled together but Peter had the majority of the power.
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Upon his return to Russia, peter cut his beard to show how he wanted to westernize Russia
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Peter the Great forces his ex-wife, Eudoxia, to become a nun
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In order to continue his westernization, Peter introduced the Julian calendar in 1699
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In order to now gain access to the Baltic Sea, Peter fought Sweden. The war lasted 21 years.
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Officially ended the war between Russia and Turkey about Azov and Russia secured the land
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Education was also one of Peter's big priorities. In 1701, he opened the first School of Navigation and Maths in Moscow. He also founded schools for artillery, language, medicine, engineering and science
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After the head of the church, Patriach Adrian died, Peter did not replace him. Instead a government department took over the church in 1701 which meant that it was under Peter's rule.
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Peter ordered many Russian Peasants to work to build up St. Petersburg. Many of them died due to the extremely hard work and the poor working/sanitary conditions. He also punished anyone who tried to escape.
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In 1703, Russia's first newspaper called the "Vedomosti" was established. It was issued by the state
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While fighting against the Swedes in the Northern war, Peter was also fighting the Turkish since Turkey had declared war on Russia. Peter lost the war signed the treaty of Adrianople in 1713 which stated that Azov would belong to Turkey.
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In 1707, Peter the Great marries a Polish-Lithuanian peasant named Martha Skavronskay secretly. It is made official in 1712
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After being tortured by his dad, Peter the Great, tsarevich Alexei, dies in 1718. Peter tortured him because he had heard theories that Alexei was planning on overthrowing him.
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Peter was very interested in arts and in 1718 he ordered a decree saying that everything that was "old and important" was to be brought to him for his great collection. This collection later became Russia's first museum.
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In 1719, Peter established government departments known as Collegia. This implied that more politically important areas received more political autonomy which meant that they were basically self-governing but are under the control of the government. While smaller, more rural areas were controlled directly by the state.
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In 1721, regulations stating that the clergy was to work for the state and convince people that Peter was the greatest man ever except for god. This gave the state full control of the church
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Officially ended the Northern War and Russia had secured the land.
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As a reward for gaining access to the Baltic Sea, the Senate of Russia changed Peter's title from tsar to emperor.
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a formal list of ranks in the Russian military, government and royal court is established. With this new system, anyone including commoners, could work their way up to a power of position.
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In 1722, Peter invaded Persian territory and in 1723 the Persians gave up and gave the western & southern shores of the Caspian in return for military help from Russia as they were also being attacked by the Ottoman Turks
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Ivan dies and Peter gains complete power
