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Aug 30, 1500
Land Bridge
-This is the first way that humans got to the American continents. -The people walked over the frozen water and/or land which formed during the ice age. -the land bridge started from the North Western corner of what is now Russia to what is now Alaska. -
Period: Aug 30, 1500 to
Population
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Sep 2, 1500
Relations with natives
When the Europeans came to Canada, the natives and the Europeans learned and got things from one another. Europeans learned: How to survive winter: clothing, travel
How to eat: Corn, Pumpkins, maple syrup Natives learned: Shown weapons, iron tools,
Foods like salt, bread
Suffered because of alcohol and disease -
Sep 20, 1500
The beliefs of the natives
The natives didn't believe in owning land, they believed that everybody shared the land with everybody. They didn't have a hierarchy in their tribes. The chief could not force anyone to do something that he doesn't want to do. They believed that humans lived with nature and not against it. -
Sep 25, 1500
History of people in North America
The oldest traces of human presence in Quebec date back to around 12016 years ago, but people have been in North America as far back as 30 000BC. -
Sep 25, 1500
Settlement
Settlement is a process in which humans occupy a space in which they adapt to their needs. And, over time, create a meaning and organisation for it. Multiple waves of immigration and natural growth have has created the demographic landscape of what we call Quebec and the settlement of its territory. -
Sep 25, 1500
Algonquins
The algonquins were a group of natives in North America before the europeans arrived. Their territory included the northern shores of Lake Huron and Lake Superior from Georgian Bay to the prairies. They lived in a patriarch society. They were nomadic. They lived in tipis. -
Sep 25, 1500
Iroquoiens
The algonquins were a group of natives in North America before the europeans arrived. They live in the St. Laurents valley and near the great lakes. They lived in a matriarch society. They were semi-sedentary, they moved villages every 10-15 years because they didn't do crop rotation and their soil depleted. They live in villages with longhouses surrounded my walls. -
Aug 30, 1534
Jacques Cartier
Jacques Cartier's three main goals were to: find a route to Asia (old one blocked by Turks), bring back gold and other riches, and claim land for the king of France. He took three trips. In 1534 he explored and mapped the Gulf of St-Lawrence, he found that there was a lot of fish, timber, and furs. In 1535 he Sailed up the St-Lawrence, reached Stadacona. And in 1541 he attempted to set up a colony, which wasn't successful. Then France lost interest for 60yrs. -
Jean Talon
Jean Talon was given the job to populate New-France by the king of France. He got lots of people to live there. -Soldiers were offered free land if they agreed to stay in N.F. after their service was done -Minor criminals trying to escape going to prison in France -Files du Roy Orphan Girls, from the streets of France. -Payments were also given to couples who married young, -Fathers of unmarried girls paid fines. Bachelors over 21 paid fines all with the hopes to increase the population. -
First permanent settlement
The first permanent settlement was the trading post in Quebec city. This trading post was used to trade furs and other resources with the natives. -
Seigneuries
In order to cultivate this new colony, a method of land division was needed. Called the seigniorial system. The king would give pieces of land to rich French men (Seigneurs or Lords). They would have to develop and receive rent from the peasants (censitaire) who lived on it. The seigneuries were normally rectangular and by the water. Both the Seigneur and the Censitaire had responsibilities to each other: -
The way of life in early New-France
Most people lived in the country and had their own land that they needed to clear out and work on themselves. There were only small towns as urban centers, where the trading posts were. -
Composition of population
The vast majority of the population were men, as they were required in the fur trade. There weren't as many jobs for women. The population consisted of Europeans, Aboriginals, Métis, and Slaves. There were three social classes Nobility/Elite (Governor)(royalty)(born into wealth) Middle Class/Bourgeoisie (Seignuers)(worked into wealth) Peasants/Habitant (censitaries )(poor) -
British immigration policies
When the British took control, only the very wealthy French would leave New France. So, the population was 99% French and 1% English, but they all became British Subjects. 1791: measures to encourage immigration (granting of land to shipping and railroad companies, immigration agents coming to the aid of immigrants in 1828). 1812: laws discouraging American immigration in Upper Canada. 1840: Colonial Land and Emigration Commission and permanent immigration office in London. -
Townships
When the british took over New-France, although they allowed the french seigneuries that were already established to stay, they replaced the seigneurial system with townships. Townships are similar to seigneuries but they are shaped in squares. -
Slavery
Canadian First Nations owned or traded in slaves, an institution that had existed for centuries or longer among certain groups. Although, this was hard since natives were able to escape and live or find their tribe. Black slaves lived in the British regions of Canada in the 17th and 18th centuries but their numbers were small. The British Parliament's Slavery Abolition Act finally abolished slavery in all parts of the British Empire on August 1, 1834. -
Loyalists
After the 13 colonies won their independence, there were still people who were loyal to Great-Brittain. They settled in other British colonies. 36000 came to Canada. 6000 came to Quebec. This raised the anglophone population in Quebec by 9%. -
Irish wave
During the potato famine, the lower class people in Ireland didn't have much food or money. So, in search of a better life, they immigrated to Canada. This caused some conflict because they were English-speaking Catholics. This is why we have St.Patrick day. -
Increase in urban population
The effect of urbanization on the occupation of territory. Rural exodus because of new machines. Development of working class neighbourhoods. The reversal of the urban and the rural population. Urban sprawl: the spreading of urban developments (as houses and shopping centers) on undeveloped land near a city -
Relations with the natives during the british regime
The Indian Act in (1876) created plots of land for the natives. In the summer of 1990 Mohawk warriors established road blocks on the borders to their reserves in Oka just outside Montreal, when a golf course wanted to expand its 9 holes onto native land. -
Medical Advancements
In the 19th century, there was a medical breakthrough. Scientists developed vaccines to smallpox, cholera, rabies, tetanus, and diphtheria. Because of this, mortality rates decreased and the population grew. -
Emigration to the west and to the U.S
There were three reasons why a lot of people emigrated: Lack of employment in the agricultural sector. Industrialization. Brain drain, when your most educated and skilled workers leave to seek better opportunities. -
Post WW2
There were many world war two survivors left homeless looking for a new place to start a life. Multiple ships of people came to Canada. Germans, British, Italians, Greeks, Jews, etc... -
Baby boom
After world war 2, the men came back from the army to reunite with their wives and families. They were all happy and so they created babies. But now the baby boom babies are old and they are draining the economy. -
Demographics of Quebec today
Population growth rate: 0.7% (2006) Birth rate: 9.9% (2005) Death rate: 7.4% (2003) Infant mortality rate: 0.46% (2004) Life expectancy: In 2002, life expectancy was 76.3 years for males and 81.9 years for females. Urbanisation: In 2001, 80.4% of Quebecers lived in urban areas. -
Demographics continued (language)
Language knowledge and population: French only 4,010,880 53.9%
English only 336,785 4.5%
Both English and French 3,017,860 40.6%
Neither English or French 70,375 0.9%
Total population 7,435,905 100%
