-
Sep 1, 1500
Land bridge
One of the theories of how the first people traveled to North America was through a land bridge that connected Siberia to North America. -
Period: Sep 1, 1500 to
Population
-
Sep 2, 1534
Jacques Cartier's Voyages
Jacques Cartier was sent to find a route to Asia, find gold and other riches and to claim new land for the king of France. On his first voyage in 1534, he mapped out the Gulf of the St-Lawrence River and he recorded his thoughts on what he thought was gold and riches but was in reality a lot of fish, timber and fur. In 1535, Jacques Cartier set out on another voyage to New France. He sailed up the St-Lawrence and reached Stadacona (Quebec today). In 1541, he tried to set up a colony but failed. -
Port Royal
In 1605, the king of France wanted to establish a settlement in Nova Scotia called Port Royal. He sent Samuel de Champlain to establish this settlement but it failed because of its position. Port Royal was too far for the Amerindians to travel. -
First Permanent Settlement
In 1608-09, Samuel de Champlain created the first permanent settlement. He founded Québec to facilitate fur trade with the Amerindians. Québec is on the part of the St-Lawrence River that is very narrow, allowing to control river traffic. Also, being on the River made travel and exportation easier. -
Company of One Hundred Associates
The King of France ordered the Company of One Hundred Associates to populate the colony (which had around 100 European inhabitants). They attracted several hundred colonists but did not reach there goal of 4000. Mainly men for: fur trades, battle agaisnt Iroquois. -
Second Permanent Settlement
SIeur de Laviolette was in charge of finding a second settlement at the junction of the St. Maurice and St. Lawrence riveres. Trois-Rivières was the chosen site and it became the second permanent settlement in Québec. It was chosen because it allowed furriers to communicate with one another and to prevent the Iroquois from intercepting their trades. -
Third Permanent Settlement
Paul Chomedey, who was the Sieur de Maisonneuve, founded VIlle-Marie close to the Iroquois village of Hochlaga along with others, nurse Jeanee Mance was one. The purpose of Ville-Marie was to evangelize the Amerindians, however it became a major trading post because it was located in the heart of the Amerindian territory. In the 18th century it was renamed Montréal. -
Jean Talon
Jean Talon was sent under the order of Minister Colber to populate N.F. Population was succesful thanks to his immigration policies and birth incentives. He offered soliders free land if they agreed to stay in N.F. after their service was completed, he brought minor criminals from France, Filles de Roy were brought and married quickly. Payments were given to young married couples, father's of unmarried girls paid fines, bachlors over 21 paid fines. Rewards were given depending on family size. -
Great Peace of Montreal
The French traded fur with the Native nations. They established alliances with nations who were enemies of the Iroquois. The war ended by the signing of the Great Peace of Montreal in 1701, re-establishing a certain level of security to New France. -
Treaty of Paris
France gave New France to the British by signing the Treaty of Paris in 1763, who changed its name to the Province of Quebec -
Deportation of the Acadians
The British and the Ameriacan colonists wanted to expel the French from North America. In 1775, the British deported the Acadians, they took over Quebec in 1759 and Montreal in 1760. -
End of the Revoltionary War-American Independance
The signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783 marks the end of the Revolutionary War between Britain and the United States. The Treaty of Paris recognized American independance. -
Second Wave of Immigration to Quebec- Loyalists
When the American's gained their independance, the loyalists (American colonists who remained faithful to Great Britain) left the United States to go live in British colonies. 6,000 loyalists settled in Quebec, the English population in Quebec increased 1%-10%. They settled according to the Township system. -
The Imperial Act
The Imperial Act promised the aspiring immigrants that their slaves would remain their property. Under the French rule, the loyalists' slaves were held in small numbers and they were given jobs as farm hands, skilled artisans and domestic servants. -
The Constitutional Act
The Constitutional Act divided the Province of Quebec in two territories. Lower Canada, which was mostly French-Canadian and Upper Canada, which was mostly English-Canadian. -
Third Wave of Immigration to Quebec- Irish
After 1815, there was the third wave of immigration to Quebec. The Irish were the third wave of immigration because of the Irish potato famine. Scottish and English immigrated too but mostly to cities. The long travel created difficult conditions including the spreading of disease. When the immigrants arrived in Canada they were put in quarantine on Grosse-Île. -
French Immigration to Canada West And United States
The French Canadians immigrated to Canada West and the Unites States. They left Quebec because of an agricultural crisis, the harvests were damaged or destroyed by disease or bad weather. There was not enough land for cultivation because of the growth of the population, factories in cities in Canada Est were few so they had to move to new regions. There were better jobs in the United States that paid well. -
Contagious diseases
A cholera epidemic broke out in Canada in 1832. Starting from 1832, immigrants arriving in Canada were put in quarantine on Grosse-Ile -
Union Act
In 1840, the gouvernment united Upper and Lower Canada into one, the Province of Canada. The French became a minority. -
Reserves for the Amerindians
The British government wanted to change the Amerindian people into a sedentary lifestyle and to assimilate them into Western society. They set up reserves, territories that were exclusive for the Amerindians, they were the only ones who could hunt or fish on this land. However, they had to give up vast territories to Britain. Britain gave them allowances and they did not have to pay taxes. -
National Policy
The National Policy was to increase the population of Canada.The immigration recruitments: land grants and handing over of land to rail companies to settle to the West. -
New Immigration Policy
In the 1960s, the federal government put an end to discrimination bsed on ethnic origin. Thenw policy had a new selection policy look at the candidate's education and training for the job market.
