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Jan 1, 1557
Portuguese ships first arrived at Guangzhou
Portuguese ships first arrived at Guangzhou in 1514 during the Ming dynasty. By 1557 the Portuguese had a permanent settlement at Mocoa on the south China coast. they did not leave a good impression, and they earned the nickname" ocean devils". The chinese did not see this as a huge threat. -
Stability in China
After the Manchu control stabilized in the late 1600s, China entered a centery-long peirod of order and prosperity. the Manchus retained the same doctrine, goverment, and social patterns asthe Ming Dynasty. -
Manchus
The Manzhou, or Manchus as they are often called , were a people from Mandchuria who had previous conacts with the Chinese culture. Unifies in the late 16th century, Manchuria had sent tribute missions to China, and its rulers had accepted offices and the titles from the Chinese emperor.. Their rule of China greatly changed the Chinese system. -
Missionary headquarters in Bejing
Jesuit Missionaries from Europe established a presence in China. In 1601, the Jesuit Matteo Ricci received permission to establish a missionary headquarters in Bejing. -
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Emperor Taizu(Nurhachu)
Taizu was the founder of the Latter Jin reign which later turned into the Qing regimeHe created the military organization called Banner System. -
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Emperor Taizong (Huang Taiji)
The eighth son of Nurhachu; actually the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty. He moved the capital to Shenyang. -
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Emperor Shunzhi(Fulin)
During his reign, the Qing army defeated the Ming Dynasty and he moved the capital from Shenyang into Beijing. -
Won battle against the Ming dynasty
After almost 300 years of fighting (1368-1644) the Qing Dynasty finnally conqured the Ming Dyansty. The picture shows Ming warriors. -
Start of Kang Xi's rein
This was the beggining of the great Kang Xi's rein. His rein was the longest in Chinese history. He is also known to be one of the best leaders in Chinese History! Very famous... :) -
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Kang Xi
Kang Xi ruled from 1661 to 1722 (61 years) which was the longest reign of any Chinese Emperor in history! A famous quote of his is, "One act of negligence may cause sorrow all through the country, and one moment of neglegence may result in trouble for hundreds and thousand of generations." Two of the biggest acomplishments he made was that he conqured the Mongols and established the northeastern between Russia and China. -
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Emperor Yongzheng (Yinzhen)
Yongsheng did nothing greatly significant towards China during the Qing Dynasty reign. -
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Qian Long
Qian Long was Kang Xi's grandson and was an equally great ruler (in MOST ways). His reign lasted from 1735 to 1796 (31 years). During his rign his country prospered and contiued to his grandfather's sponsership torwards literature and art. But he destroyed almost every book that had to do with anti-Manchu thoughts/ideas. He retired three years before his actual death out of respect of his grandfather, not wanting his reign to equal that of hsi grandfather's. -
Trade
The emperor of China decreed that the trade taking place in west Asia should be ONLY at the port of Guangzhou. -
Trading with the British
In 1793 the British representative, Lord Macarteny succeed in reaching the Chinese court. He brought presents for the emperor to show the kinds of products that Chinese could hope gain by wider trade with the British -
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Emperor Jiaqing (Yongyun)
He prosecuted the infamous corrupt official, He Shen, who used to be a favorite chancellor of Emperor Qianlong. -
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Late Qiang Dynasty
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Emperor Daoguang (Minning)
During his reign China entered "Modern History". -
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Opium War
Before long, Britian and China were war over the opium trade. The Opium War lasted from 1839 to 1842. It ended in complete defeat for the Chinese, who were helpless against British ships and firepower. -
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Emperor Xianfeng (Yizhu)
During his reign the Qing Dynasty began its decline in power.The well-known Taiping Rebellion broke out in that period. -
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The Taiping Rebellion (In the Manchu Goverment)
Manchu rulers were having trouble with internal dissarisfaction and peasant unrest. There were several rebellions. The significant rebelion was the Taiping Rebellion lead by Hing Xiuchuan. Hing was a Christian man and declared himself the brother of Jesus. The Taiping Rebellion had great success and took Nanjing by 1853. The rebbelion was most poular because they called for socail reforms. Social reforms is that all land was to be divided up and given to the people accordin to their house size -
Second Opium War
In 1858, a second Opium War broke out, resulting in another Chinese defeat. -
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Emperor Tongzhi (Zaichun)
Yongsheng did nothing greatly significant towards China during the Qing Dynasty reign. -
More on the Taiping Rebellion (In the Manchu Goverment)
Social reforms entitled that all land was to be divided up and given to the people accordin to their house size. Women were to be treated as equals. They would receive just as much land as men and were organized into fighting units. Women were also entitled to be able to take civil service exams and hold goverment jobs. It was to be illeagal to Foot-bind women and they were to cut off men's queues. Twenty-million people died all toghether, and many were left poor or homeless. Power was lost. -
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Emperor Guangxu (Zaitian)
He tried, unsuccessfully, to save the Qing Dynasty from the decline. -
Battle Over Korea
In 1894 the Chinese wetn to war with Japand over Korea. Japan easily won and forced china to grant it eh same "most-favored-nation" status that had earlier been given to European countries an to the United States. China also had to pay Japan a large amount of silver, which had to be borrowed from other countries. -
Reforms
In 1898, the young Chinese emperor attempted to install modernization programs in education, goverment, agriculture, and the military. These reforms threartened many officals who benefited from the old system. With the help of the emperor's adoptive mother (Tz'u Hsi), they prevented tyhe reforms from being carried out. -
Open Door Policy
The American secretary of state of that time, John Hay, proposed an "Open Door" policy where he asked other nations to agree in equal trade rightts within Chian for all. His second note called for the continued independence of China as a nation. -
Boxer Rebellion
The Boxers organized attacks against theboth Chinese Christians and foreginers. They believed that if they preformed a system of execises they would be immune to bullets. In 1900 the Boxers rose in force and killed almost 250 foreginers. Then they attacked Bejing, the foreginers were able to hold them off for two months before it all stopped. This rebellion cost China a great deal of money. Japan threatened to cut of the U.S.'s trade with China. -
Era of Chinese History is OVER!
In 1905 , the civil sevice examination was abolished. The goverment gave up the Confucianmodel of education as a preparartion for goverment service. New subjects such as English, political science, and physicl science were introduced. Thousands of Chinese went abroad to study, many to Japan. These reforms came too late to save the Manchus, however Revolution broke out in 1911, and the next year the emperor abdicated, or gave up the throne. Chinese history ended. -
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Emperor Xuantong (Puyi)
The last emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the last feudal monarch of China; He was imprisoned at Shenyang till 1959 when Chairman Mao remitted him. -
Treaties
The situation set up by the treaties following the Opium War lasted until the end of World War II. Further "unequal treaties" between China and the other nations followed. Wesern missonaries received the right to travel throughout China. Foreingers began to develop mines, railways, and other businessess within China.
