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The Brethren of the Common Life founded themselves on practicing their faith The Brethren of the Common Life founded themselves on practicing their faith through generosity and Christian practices. Restricting themselves from many indulgences like the other Priests of the time.
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A book by Thomas à Kempis which urged all Christians to follow and praise a life of simplicity. Overall it stressed the importance of following the Bible and not indulging in one's pleasures.
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Maximilian I Marries Mary of Burgundy The marriage between the two would secure much France and the Netherlands under the Habsburgs. This new claim would make the Habsburg an immense power in Europe.
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A treaty between France and the Habsburg, forcing the Habsburg to back down slightly on their claims in the French Burgundy lands. The Habsburg would still fight for it, though France had legal "control" over the region.
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Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros would begin to fix the church by upholding the rules of the religion and supporting higher standards of training. He was ne of the first reformers of the Catholic Church
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After a near death experience with lightning, Martin Luther left his studies at the University of Erfurt to become a friar. Sparking his religious devotion and becoming a priest, Luther would use this background for his motivations in the protestant cause.
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Pope Julius II would summon a council of Italian bishops to help get reform started in the Church. The bishops earnestly fought for reform, and a higher education for the priests and instructions for the common people. The group also aimed to stop the corruption aiming at the clergy and Bureaucracy.
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Luther's understanding of religion and its values allowed him to critique and question faith acurately. Unlike the peasants of the time, he knew the practices of the Catholic faith.
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Tetzel was sent into Germany for the purpose of raising money for the construction of the Saint Peter's Basilica. The sale of indulgences was not uncommon, but Luther frowned upon such abuse of the ignorant and poor people's faith.
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A list of grievances against the Church written by Martin Luther that denounced several aspects of the Church's abuse of power and specifically use of indulgences. The theses were later published in other languages and spread around Europe and Germany, thus spreading his new anti-Church stance.
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Ulrich Zwingli begins his own sect of protestantism is Zurich, and with the support of local authorities, goes through the new testament 'A to Z". He would denounce the same things Luther had, like indulgences, celibacy, etc..., but harshly disagreed with him on certain theological issues.
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John Eck debated the Catholic faith with Luther in a public event, and tried his best to disprove and discredit Luther. Upon finding Luther would not change his opinion, and that Luther's beliefs had gained popularity he retreated back to Rome and wished to remove Luther.
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Pope Leo X would send a demand to Martin Luther calling for him to burn his heretical works and essentially disown them. Instead Luther started a fire and cast the letter into the flame in a publicly burning the letter and symbolically denouncing and rejecting the power of the Pope.
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Pope Leo X was greatly offended by the act of Luther, burning the Papal Bull, and tried to contain and scare him into submission by excommunicating him. This act only further stretched Luther's popularity, and showed the weakness of the church and their inability to go through with swift punishment. publicly burning the letter and symbolically denouncing and rejecting the power of the Pope.
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A call from the Holy Roman Empororer Charles V, German Princes and some Church authorities to try to get Luther to deny his claims or find correct punishment for his hertical actions. Duke Fredrick of Saxony though would protect any actions from Luther by shooting down opposition to him, and finally protecting him after Luther was declared an outlaw.
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The translation of the new testament from Eramus's Greek translation to the German language was a big step in the reading of the Bible for the educated lower classes. Normally only the rich could read in Greek or Latin, but now, the more accesible, German language allowed others to join in "Sola Scriptura"
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Luther writes the worki to dissaprove of and seperate himself from their movement. He calls for the murder of the rebel and punishment for their actions, as he felt that God frowned upon their actions and rebelion.
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The peasant revolts in Germany marked a turning point in peasant revolts, as it was based upon more than one or two factors that caused the rebellion. On top of that the peasants would justify their actions under Martin Luther's doctrines claiming they fit his descriptions.
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Under harsh conditions, represenatives form several swabian villiages gathered together to form a list of greivences called the Twelve Articles. These articles expressed the displeasure of the harsh taxation, rents, use of land and much more.
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A diet in which several German Princes in the Holy Roman Empire decided to follow protestant thought. Primarily for the purpose of fighting the Catholic majority and gaining freedom, but most importantly to recognize their own political powers without the Pope or Church.
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A group meeting by Protestants to try to unite each other, but it failed to do so and would only last 4 days. This would cause many of the protestant sects to remain separate from each other.
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A meeting in which the terms of Lutheran faith were officially formulated and recognized. Allowing Lutheranism to stand out from the general term of protestantism.
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Act in which Henry VIII had declared himself head of the Church of England and disconnected himself permanently from Rome. Making England, technically, one of the first powers to become a protestant nation.
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A Church call for reform, in which some protestant sects were invited, but turned down for various reasons. It overall set the rules for the Church and ended certain aspects of corruption and reformed the Church to better help the citizen.
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A treaty ending only a small part of the Habsburg-valois war allowing German princes to practice Lutheranism and Catholicism in their kingdoms. Overall reducing the power of the Holy Roman Empire.
