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First avant - garde artists
From the historical point of view, the first third of the 20th century was characterized by great tensions and confrontations between the European powers. On the other hand, the First World War (between 1914 and 1918) and the Soviet Revolution (in October 1917) fostered hopes for a different economic regime for the proletariat. -
Murder in Sarajevo
Is the term by which the assassination of the crown heir of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, and his wife, the Duchess Sophia Chotek, in Sarajevo, capital of the imperial province of Bosnia and Herzegovina, is known. The attack was perpetrated by Gavrilo Princip, member of the Youth Bosnia group, a movement whose goal was the emancipation of Bosnia from Austria-Hungary, which had the support of intelligence and military circles of the Kingdom of Serbia. -
Battle of Tannenberg
The battle faced the Russian Empire (1st and 2nd armies) and the German Empire (8th Army) at the beginning of the First World War, near the town of Allenstein in East Prussia. This confrontation turned out to be of considerable importance in the Great War. It resulted in the almost total annihilation of the 2nd Russian Army, and a series of battles immediately afterwards destroyed most of the 1st Russian Army as well, which left in very bad war situation to Russia until the spring of 1915. -
1ª battle of the Marne
It is also known as The Miracle of Marne was a battle of the First World War that took place between 5 and 12 September 1914. The result was an Allied victory over the German army. The battle was the maximum point of German advance in France and the persecution to which it subjected the Allied armies .The counterattack of six French armies and the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) along the Marne River forced the German Imperial Army to retreat to the northwest. -
Battle of the Somme
It was one of the longest and bloodiest of the First World War, with more than a million casualties between both sides.The British and French forces tried to break the German lines along the road forty kilometers north and south of the Somme River,in northern France. The main purpose of the battle was that of the German troops of the Battle of Verdun; However, the losses of the battle of the Somme ended up being superior to those of the latter.On First dayt,he British suffered 57 740 casualties -
Battle of Verdun
From February 21 to December 18, 1916, it was the largest and longest of all the First World War. the French armies faced the German armies. Petain's conservative tactics saved Verdun. He decided not to make more expensive counterattacks, and used the artillery to keep the enemy troops away. After many attacks and offensive of all types, the Germans were forced to retreat by the huge number of casualties suffered in each approach. -
October Revolution
Officially known in Soviet historiography as the Great October Socialist Revolution and commonly known as the Bolshevik Revolution, it was a revolution in Russia led by the Bolshevik Party of Vladimir Lenin that was fundamental in the Great Russian Revolution of 1917. It was carried out through an armed insurrection in Petrograd on November 7 (October 25, OS) 1917. -
February Revolution
The February Revolution was the first of the two revolutions that took place in Russia in 1917. At the time of the revolution, Russia was an autocracy, and Tsar Nicholas II had absolute power over his people. Its political, social and economic structures were extremely backward compared to other European countries. Food shortages and military failures in the early twentieth century had led to strikes and riots that were often brutally repressed. -
USA: joins the war
On April 6,1917,two days after the U.S.Senate votes 82 to 6 to declare war against Germany the U.S. House of Representatives endorses the decision by a vote of 373 to 50, and the United States formally enters the First World War. When World War I erupted in 1914, President Woodrow Wilson pledged neutrality for the United States, a position favored by the vast majority of Americans. Britain, however, was one of America’s closest trading partners. -
The right of women over the age of 30 to vote (United Kingdom)
In the United Kingdom during 1916-1917, the Speaker of the House of Commons, James William Lowther, presided over a conference on electoral reform that recommended the limited suffrage of women. At the outbreak of World War I, British women had tried and failed in approving the legislation on suffrage almost 20 times. Women had been completely excluded from the main Victorian reform projects.
Finally in 1918 it was approved and women over thirty years old could vote. -
Communist Party of the Soviet Union
It emerged from the Bolshevik Wing of the Russian Democratic Socialist Party (RSDWP). The Bolsheviks defended a highly disciplined organization of professional revolutionaries governed by democratic centralism and dedicated to achieving the dictatorship of the proletariat. In 1917 they formally broke with the right wing, or Menshevik, of the RSDWP. In 1918, when the Bolsheviks became the ruling party of Russia, they changed the name of their organization to the All-Russian Communist Party; -
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
The Peace of Brest-Litovsk was a treaty of peace between the German Empire, Bulgaria, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire and Soviet Russia. In the treaty, Russia renounced Finland, Poland, Estonia, Livonia, Courland, Lithuania, Ukraine and Bessarabia. With this treaty, Germany reinforced the western front with Eastern troops. The German defeat in the First World War annulled the treaty, and all the Russian losses had been recovered for 1940. -
2ª battle of the Marne
It was the last major German offensive on the western front during the First World War. The attack failed when an allied counterattack led by French and American forces, equipped with several hundred tanks, dismantled the German right-wing, causing heavy casualties. The German defeat marked the beginning of the implacable Allied advance, which ended in the armistice signed with the German Empire a hundred days later. -
Execution of the tsar and his family
Tsar Nicholas II, his wife and five children, and all those who chose to accompany them to prison, were executed by a firing squad, by order of the regional Ural Soviet, due to the threat of the city being occupied by the whites (Legion Czechoslovakia). According to the hypothesis of several investigators, this was done according to the instructions of Lenin, Yakov Sverdlov and Felix Dzerzhinsky. Their bodies were then taken to the Koptyaki forest, where they were stripped and mutilated. -
Armistice
Signed at 5:15 in the morning, in a wagon requisitioned by the French army, and stationed in the Rethondes clearing in the forest of Compiegne, the armistice enters into force. in it at 11 am ... for a period of 36 days renewed three times. It is signed by the Allies and the German Empire. The armistice of 1918 is not, however, a capitulation as such. It was signed in anticipation of a definitive peace treaty in order to end hostilities on the Western Front of the First World War. -
Treaty of Versailles League of Nations
The Treaty of Versailles is the peace treaty signed in the Hall of Mirrors of the Palace of Versailles, the Allied Countries met at the Paris Peace Conference to agree the terms of peace with Germany. Discussions of the terms of the Peace began on January 18, 1919 and the treaty was presented to Germany in May 1919 as the only alternative since its rejection would have implied the resumption of hostilities. Entered into force on January 10, 1920, officially ending the First World War. -
Creation of the USSR
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) is established, comprising a confederation of Russia, Belarus, Ukraine and the Federation of Transcaucasia. Also known as the Soviet Union, the new communist state was the successor of the Russian Empire and the first country in the world based on Marxist socialism. In the USSR, all levels of government were controlled by the Communist Party, and the party politburo, with its increasingly powerful general secretary, effectively governed the country.
