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First avant-garde artists (Europe and the World)
It refers to people or experimental and innovative works, particularly with regard to art, culture, politics, philosophy and literature. The primordial characteristic of the avant-garde is freedom of expression, which manifests itself by altering the structure of the works, addressing taboo themes and messing up creative parameters.
Some of the most outstanding artists were: Edvard Munch, Salvador Dalí, Luis Aragón... -
Murder in Sarajevo (Europe and the World)
The attack of Sarajevo is the term with which the murder of the heir of the crown of the Austro Empire, the Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, and his wife, the Duchess Sophie, in Sarajevo, capital of the province Imperial of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The attack was perpetrated by Gavrilo, a member of the Bosnian Youth group, a movement whose objective was the emancipation of Bosnia from Austria-Hungary, which was supported by intelligence and military circles in the kingdom of Serbia. -
Battle of Tannenberg (Europe and the World)
It confronted the Russian and German empires at the beginning of the First World War, near the town of Allenstein in eastern Prussia. This clash turned out to be of considerable importance in the Great War.
The battle resulted in the almost total annihilation of the Russian army. This clash is notable for the rapid mobilization of German troops by rail, which allowed a single German army to present a single battle front against two larger Russian armies. -
1st battle of the Marne (Europe and the World)
It was a battle of the First World War. The result was an Allied victory over the German army. 1 The battle was the maximum point of the German advance in France and of the persecution to which it submitted to the Allied armies after the battles of the borders of August and which reached the outskirts of Paris. The Battle of the Marne was an Allied strategic victory, as it meant the failure of the Schlieffen plan. -
Battle of Verdun (Europe and the World)
It was the largest and longest battle of the First World War on the Western Front between the German and French armies. The battle took place in northeastern France. The Germans expected the French to commit their strategic reserve to regain their position and suffer catastrophic losses in a battle of annihilation, at a minimal cost to the Germans in tactically advantageous positions at the height. -
Battle of the Somme (Europe and the World)
It was one of the longest and bloodiest of the First World War, with more than a million casualties between the two sides. British and French forces tried to break the German lines along a forty kilometres front to the north and south of the Somme River in northern France. The main purpose of the battle was to distract the German troops from the Battle of Verdun; However, the casualties of the Battle of the Somme ended up being superior to those of the latter. -
USA joins the war (Europe and the World)
The American entry into World War I came in April 1917, after more than two and a half years of efforts by President Woodrow Wilson to keep the United States out of the war.
Apart from an Anglophile element urging early support for the British, American public opinion reflected that of the president: the sentiment for neutrality was particularly strong among Irish Americans, German Americans, and Scandinavian Americans, as well as among church leaders and among women in general. -
February Revolution (Russia)
It marked the first stage of the Russian Revolution of 1917. It caused the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II, ended the Russian monarchy and led to the formation of an interim government. This revolution was born as a reaction to the policy of the Tsar, his refusal to grant liberalizing political reforms and Russia's participation in World War I, which had inflicted great hardship on the population. -
October Revolution (Russia)
It was the second phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, after the February Revolution. The date 25 October 1917 corresponds to the Julian calendar in force in Tsarist Russia, then abolished by the new Bolshevik government. In the rest of the Western world, under the Gregorian calendar, the events began on November 7, 1917.
The provisional Government's insistence on continuing the war prevented the implementation of the deep reforms demanded by the population. -
CPSU (Russia)
The Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the only legal political party in the Soviet Union, and one of the largest communist organizations in the world. It lost its dominance following the failed attempted coup d'etat of August 1991 commanded by a group of members of the so-called hard line. -
The right of women over the age of 30 to vote (United Kingdom (Europe and the World)).
Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom was a movement to fight for women's right to vote. It finally succeeded through two laws in 1918 and 1928. It became a national movement in the Victorian era. Women were not explicitly banned from voting in Great Britain until the Reform Act 1832 and the Municipal Corporations Act 1835. In 1872 the fight for women's suffrage became a national movement. -
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Russian)
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918 between the new Bolshevik government of Russia and the Central Powers, that ended Russia's participation in World War I. The treaty was signed at German-controlled Brest-Litovsk, after two months of negotiations. -
2nd battle of the Marne (Europe and the World)
The Second Battle of the Marne was the last major German offensive on the Western Front during the First World War. The attack failed when an Allied counterattack, supported by several hundred tanks, overwhelmed the Germans on their right flank, inflicting severe casualties. The German defeat marked the start of the relentless Allied advance which culminated in the Armistice with Germany about 100 days later. -
Execution of the tsar and his family (Russia)
The Russian Imperial Romanov family and all those who chose to accompany them into imprisonment, notably Eugene Botkin, Anna Demidova, Alexei Trupp and Ivan Kharitonov, according to the conclusion of the investigator Sokolov, were shot and bayoneted to death in Yekaterinburg on the night of 16–17 July 1918. -
Armistice (Europe and the World)
An armistice is the suspension of hostilities agreed between peoples or belligerent armies. 1 according to the Hague Convention of 1899, it suspends the operations of war by a mutual agreement of the belligerent. Peace is considered the end of war; Therefore, this will only be terminated when the causes that had been casus belli were considered fixed. -
Treaty of Versailles League of Nations (Europe and the World)
The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty signed in the City of Versailles at the end of the First World War by more than fifty countries. This treaty officially ended with the state of war between the Germany of the second Reich and the allies of the First World War. Despite the fact that the armistice was signed months before to end hostilities on the battlefield, six months of negotiations were needed at the Paris Peace Conference to conclude the peace treaty. -
Creation of the USSR (Russia)
The Treaty of creation of the USSR is a document that legalises the creation of the Union of several Soviet republics to form the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Similarly, the Declaration of creation of the USSR was signed, which was considered as a political introduction to the Treaty. On 29 December 1922, at the conference of Plenipotenciarias delegations of the RSFS, the RFSS, the RSS and the RSS approved the Treaty of creation of the USSR and the Declaration of creation of the USSR.
