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Robert Yerkes developed Army Alpha and Beta tests. These tests were used to determine a person’s role in the army based on their score. The test was also given orally for those who were not able to read.
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Graham Wallas published his work Art of Thought in 1926. He presented one of the first models of a human’s creative process. Wallas' model explained the creative insight and illuminations from a process of 5 stages: Preparation, Incubation, Intimation, Illumination, and Verification.
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Edward Thorndike, from 1930 to 1940, delivered the concept of "social intelligence." He believed that "social intelligence" was the ability to get along with other people.
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In 1935, L.L. Thurtone introduced the theory of primary mental abilities. He believed that theory was dived into seven basic clusters: Verbal Comprehension, Reasoning, Perceptual Speed, Numerical Ability, Word Fluency, Associative Memory, and Spatial Visualization.
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David Wechsler suggested and thought that affective components of intelligence were essential to be successful in life.
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Abraham Maslow, from 1950 to 1960, discovered the way humans are able to build emotional strength.
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David Weshler disagreed with the limitations of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. He then created his own scale where he multiple scaled which where based on age. They were Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI), and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). The scored from these Intelligence scales were compared with others in the same age grouping. The scoring method has become a standard technique in testing.
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Howard Gardner, in 1975, published his book "The Shattered Mind." It suggests the idea of multiple intelligences.
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Howard Gardner introduces the multiple intelligence theory, which he believe comes in packages. This made in possible that people with brain damage may have ones ability destroyed, but may excel in another. His eight intelligences are Visual-Spatial Intelligence, Verbal-Linguistic Intelligence, Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence, Interpersonal Intelligence, Musical Intelligence, Intra Personal Intelligence and Naturalistic Intelligence.
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Wayne Payne introduced the term emotional intelligence in his doctoral dissertation, which was entitled "A study of emotion: developing emotional intelligence; self-integration; relating to fear, pain and desire (theory, structure of reality, problem-solving, contraction/expansion, tuning in/coming out/letting go)."
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Sterberg and his colleagues identified five components to creativity, which were expertise, imaginative thinking skills, a venturesome personality, intrinsic motivation, and a creative environment.
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Peter Salovey and John Mayer, Psychologists, published their idea of "Emotional Intelligence," in an article in the journal "Imagination, Cognition, and Personality."
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The concept of emotional intelligence spread like wild-fire after Daniel Goleman, psychologist and New York Times science writer, published his book Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ.
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The Seligman Attributional Style Questionnaire (SASQ) was originally designed to be a screening test for the life insurance company Metropolitan Life. The SASQ is a test that measures optimism and pessimism.
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Multifactor Emotional Intelligence Scale is an ability-based test in where test-takers are asked to perform tasks designed to assess their ability to perceive, identify, understand, and utilize emotions.
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The Reuven Bar-Ones EQ-i is a self-report test designed to measure competencies. It includes awareness, stress tolerance, problem solving and happiness. "Emotional intelligence is an array of non-cognitive capabilities, competencies, and skills that influence one's ability to succeed in coping with environmental demands and pressures."
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The Emotional Competence Inventory was based on an older instrument known as the Self-Assessment Questionnaire. The ECI involves having people know the individual offer ratings of that person's abilities on a number of different emotional competencies.
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The ACT, SAT, achievement, and/or aptitude tests are all used to determine one's intellectual ability.