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Creation of the League of Nations
The League of Nations was created in 1919 in the Treaty of Versailles, its aim was to establish peace and reorganize international relations after WW, but it didn`t resolve too many problems in the 20s and the 30s. It was important because it was the first organization of that style and the antecedent of the ONU -
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Reasons for failure
- USA never joined the society -The invasion of Abyssinia by Fascist Italy in 1935 showed that the SDN lacked effective authority to guide international action against inter-state aggression.
- Exclusion of the USSR for years becuase of commmunism. -Finally, France and Britain preferred to pursue on their own a policy of "appeasement" towards the fascists.
- Declaration of war between Grermany and Britain, the Lon failed becasue a new war was going to happen, its lastly expelled the USSR.
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Founding countries
There were 32 signers of the Treaty of Versailles as participants in WW1:
- Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Czechoslovakia, Republic of China, Cuba, France, Kingdom of Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, British India, Kingdom of Italy, Japanese Empire, Liberia, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Kingdom of Romania, Siam, South African Union and Uruguay -
Founding countries that didn't participate in WW1
This countries were inclued in the Annex 1 of the Treaty of Versailles:
- Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Denmark, El Salvador, Netherlands, Norway, Paraguay, Spain, Sublime State of Persia, Sweden, Switzerland, and Venezuela. -
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Solved conflicts by the LON
1920: Sweden and Finland, LON decided in favour of Finland. 1921: Germany and Poland, LON decided in favour of equal distribution of Upper Silesia. 1925: Greece invaded Bulgary, LON decided in favour of Bulgary. 1932: Arbitration between Peru and Colombia in the Colombian-Peruvian War in Leticia. -
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Countries included with posterity
Some countries entered in the League of Nations after the Treaty of Versailles:- 1920: Austria, Kingdom of Bulgaria, Costa Rica, Finland, Luxemburg, and Kingdom of Albania.
- 1921: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania..
- 1922: Kingdom of Hungary.
- 1923: Ethiopian Empire, Ireland and Dominican Republic.
- 1926: Germany.
- 1931: Mexico.
- 1932: Kingdom of Iraq and Turkey.
- 1934: Soviet Union, Kingdom of Afghanistan and Ecuador,
- 1937: Kingdom of Egypt.
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Important conflicts solved by the LON pt.1
1922: Poland and Lithuania. The Conference of Ambassadors in Paris resolved the conflict.
1923: The Corfu Incident. Italian General Enrico Tellini was killed. Mussolini ordered the bombing of the island of Corfu and the payment of compensation. The Society offered a solution, but the Conference of Ambassadors rejected it and proposed a favourable one to Italy, Because of Mussolini pressure. -
Treaties of Locarno
They were 8 pacts to reinforce the peace in Europe, it was signed by Belguium, Czechoslovakia, France, Germany , the United Kingdom, Italy and Poland. It was signed in London. They were a total of 8 pacts and occured after some meetings. -
Germany enters in the League of Nations.
IN 1926, Germany was admitted in the League of Nations in state of a Peace Lover. -
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Important conflicts solved by the LON pt.2
1931: Invasion of Manchuria. Japan invades Shenyang. The Society orders the withdrawal of Japanese troops, but no. The Lytton Commission proposes the withdrawal of Japanese troops, the society accepts but Japan withdraws from it. 1935: Italian invasion of Abyssinia in 1935. The emperor of Abyssinia asked in an assembly for the intervention of the Society, which imposed sanctions, but in 1936 Italy conquered Abyssinia. The sanctions were then lifted and Italy left the Society. -
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Germany, Japan and the USSR got out of the USSR
In 1933, Germany and Japan abandoned the League and in 1938, the USSR was expelled. Germany abandoned it in October because of Hitlewanted to start an enormous military project. Japan abandoned it because it invaded Manchuria, this was a big hit for the LON and it punished them so they abandoned it in 1933. Now Manchuria is a Chinese territory. The USSR was expelled because they didn't stop the attack against Finland even the LON told them to stop. -
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Important conflicts solved by the LON pt.3
1936: During the Spanish Civil War, at the request of the Government of the Spanish Republic, the society was in charge of the custody of the heritage of the Prado Museum, which were safeguarded in Geneva until in 1939 they were returned to the Spanish Government. -
Dissolution
The League of Nations was dissolved in 1946 after failing in its attempts to prevent a Second World War and was replaced by the present United Nations.