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Acadia
*No exact dates
French early attempt at Empire which failed initially because most died the first year but became more successful the next year -
Jamestown, Virginia Company
*No exact dates
Half die in the first years. Conflicts with indigenous neighbours. Malnutrition, starvation and illness lead to almost complete abandonment. Received land in return for work -
Champlain - Quebec City
*No exact date
Founded on the former site of an Iroqouis village. Champlain considers it important to create relationship with the Aboriginal people -
Pilgrims, Mayflower, Plymouth Colony (New England)
*No exact date
Puritans wanted to reform Anglican church. Become involved in warfare. More people coming to English colonies -
Treaty of Saint Germain en Laye
Return of Acadia towns which were taken by British privateers, David Kirke and his brother -
Royal Government in New France
Giving charter to a company and having them control the colony is abdoned. They take direct contral. Becomes an official royal colony to create more solid prevention against the Iroqouis. -
Period: to
Five Nations and New France
*No exact date
All five nations negotiate a peace with New France -
Period: to
War of the League of Augsburg
*No exact date -
Lachine Massacre
A part of the Beaver wars. French are attacked by Iroqouis outside of Montreal -
Great Peace of Montreal
*No exact date
Onontia (father-provider) could ask his indigenous allies to fight France's enemies. Not all of his allies were interested in the system. The Fox, Cicasaw, and Natchez tested the limits of the French alliance systems and ended up becoming enemies. -
Period: to
War of the Spanish Succession (Treaty of Urecht)
*No exact date -
The Press Act
*No exact date
People were forced into service. Not recruitment which is done through military. The press was a civil process carried out by magistrates and constables. Targeted unemployed. For them, it was emplyoment and for the government it pushed out future criminals and gave them order. -
Period: to
Fox Wars
*No exact date. Lasted from the 1720s-1730s
The Fox wanted to be the middle men between the French and Sioux. Sioux did not allow this partnership so the Fox raided them then the French attacked the Fox and scattered them to various villages -
Natchez Revolt
- No exact date French sold captives into slavery but some escaped.
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Period: to
Cicasaw Wars
*No exact dates (Only took place in the 1730s)
Natchez who escaped the French ran to the British. -
Shawnee Trading
Began tradidng with the Canadiens and in Montreal -
War of Jerkin's Ear
*No exact date
Jerkin had his ear cut off -
Sale of Ohio Lands
Sale of the Ohio lands that were occupied by Shawnee, Mingo, Delaware, Wyandot, Miami to the British. Peter Chartier and other Shawnee raided traders. Shawnee moved after this to where traders spoke French -
Period: to
War of the Austrian Succession
*No exact date -
Treaty of Lancaster
*Began June 25
Binds the Iroqouis and allows peace. Allows traders into the Ohio valley. A part of British expansion -
Shawnee and British
*No exact date
Shaenee were friendly with English traders again. Some became anti French and fired on and briefly captured a party that was burying French plates. -
Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (War of Austrian Succession)
Iroquois directly cooperate with New York and other English colonies ofr raids on Canada. Because of the Treaty of Lancaster, the British begin to use the Iroquois to conduct raids on French colonies. Important part of British expansion -
Blainville's Expedition
*No exact date
Captain Pierre Joseph de Celoron de Blainville responds to British expansion by by reasserting French influence in the interior. Talk to Aboriginal people and bury French plates in ground. The plates are basically meaningless. -
Iroquois-Catawba Peace
There had been a peace treaty which the British encouraged. -
French attack Pickaillany (Miami trading town)
*No exact date
Done in response to British expansion and end of French trading with the Miami. Miami headman, Memskia, boiled and eaten. English traders brought back to Detroit. Puts an end to the bleeding of French influence. -
Raid on Catawba
*No exact date -
Paul Marin
French man who established forts in the Ohio valley to block the British -
Conference at Kahnawake
*No exact date
Tried to set up peace because they wanted to avoid a massive conflict. Iroqouis involvement. -
Battle for Niagara
The Fall of General Baddock. The French successfully defended their fort. *No exact date -
Period: to
Seven Years' War
*No exact dates -
Fort Oswego
August 10-14
British Fort that the French Captured -
Period: to
Cherokee Epidemics
Devestated Indigenous allies which lead to a drop off in support for the war. Ended France's influence in teh Ohio valley. -
Fort William Henry (Massacre of Fort William Henry)
August 3-9.British fort that the French captured. Montcalm gave an "hnourable" defeat and does not keep captives and allows the British to fly their flags. Montcalm was able to take this fort using mostly indigenous allies (who used geurra warfare) and were the main force behind the victory. The French did not compensate their indigenous allies so they took matters into their own hands and killed the British to compensate themselve and gain their honour. Montcalm became angry and distrustful. -
Turning point for the British
Previously, there had been few resources put into battle for the British as well as very vew recruits. This makes it possible for the French to have many early victories (Niagara, Oswego, William Henry, and Carillon). After 1758 there is more resources and more recruits. -
Louisbourg
June 8-July 26.
The British needed to take this Fort to be able to sail up the St. Lawrence. The victory also meant that Quebec would be cut off from supplies and allowed for better position for up coming attacks. Following the victory James wolfe was given a promotion. -
Denfence of Fort Caillon
July 6-8.
French successfully defended this fort against the British. It was done without the use of indigenous allies so Montcalm wanted to stop using them as allies and just use French tactics and people. -
Treaty of Easton
*Concluded October 26
Cherokee were allies with Great Britian for a year -
Siege of Quebec
The British established themselves at L'Anse-au-Foulon. British destroyed crops and everything possible to weaken the French. Wolfe pointed out this area because it would result in a decisive clash with Montecalm -
Battle of the Plains of Abraham
A French defeat. The battle lasted 15 minutes. Montcalm has enforcement son the way but refused to wait. The French were accustomed to traditional warfare but militia men and indigenous people were better at la petite geurre which caused confusion. Montcalm died behind the wall of Quebec and Wolfe died on the field. Eventual surrender of Quebec City shortly after. -
Battle of Sainte-Foy
Chevalier de Levis (French) defeated General Murray (British) -
Surrender of New France at Montreal