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In 1606, many explorers from Spain, Britain, and Dutch set out on a journey to discover more about the Great Southern Land and try and claim it for themselves-their country. They didn't end up claiming the land because it was not suitable land for farming. It was estimated that about 54 ships explored Australia. Willem Janszoon, a Dutch navigator, set out to explore the West side of Australia.
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Lieutenant James Cook was sent by the British government to find a suitable place for them to send their convicts. He came to Australia on the HMS Endeavour. He explored the East side of Australia, and seeing that it was suitable, claimed the land. He named it New South Wales after their King, King George |||.
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King George ||| explicitly instructed Captain Arthur Phillip to make a relationship the the native people of Australia. The First Fleet consisted of 11 ships, left Portsmouth, England in 1787 with over 1480 people aboard, consisting of 582 men convicts, 193 women convicts and 14 children convicts aboard.
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The colonisation of Australia and the Industrial Revolution happened roughly at the same time. The use of steam power was a significant way of life
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When they arrived at Botany Bay, they had a rough start. They found that the soil was poor, there was no fresh water and they couldn't anchor close enough to the beach. Not only that, but only 1336 people out of 1480, made it to Botaly Bay alive. Then they met their first Aboriginal tribe-the Eora tribe.
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After finding that Botany Bay wasn't suitable, he set out on an expedition up coast to find more suitable land. This was how Sydney Cove came to be the place of Colonisation.
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Captain Arthur Phillip was the main person on the first ship to Australia-the captain. They landed the ship at Sydney cove and reclaimed the land. They we're not impressed with the land so the moved on and later landed at Sydney cove. They again encountered the Eora people.
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The Eora were unhappy with the way that the British were treating the land. So they decided to attack farms and small villages in a civil war.
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Captain Arthur Phillip ceased this role because he found that it was getting too much so he decided it was time to stop.
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By 1810, many areas of Sydney were becoming overcrowded. Parramatta, Toongabbie, Camden, and the Windsor had all become overcrowded, meaning new land had to be found. In May, 1813, Gregory Blaxland, William Lawson, and William Charles Wentworth crossed the Blue Mountains, finding new land. They were the first three European settlers to find their way across the Blue Mountains. Later that year, George Evans followed the path and explored the land.
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In 1813, Australia's first steam mill was operated in Darling Harbour. One of the first industrial events was the creation of the turnpike (Road) between Sydney and Parramatta.
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New South Wales was, at the time, equal in size to Western Australia. In 1825, when the border was moved, New South Wales covered two thirds of the land, with Western Australia covering the remaining third of the land.
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This was when the island of Van Diemans land/Tasmania became an independent colony and was no longer part of New South Wales. It was the second independent colony of Australia.
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The Swan River colony was planned to be a colony of free settlers. They were set in Perth, Western Australia, on the Swan River.
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WA is the biggest state in Australia today.
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The main way of transporting goods between cities and towns was steamships on the rivers.
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When the colony was set up, it was set up as a convict-free colony, and it was agreed to by the government.
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In 1836, the colony of South Australia was seperated from New South Wales and became a new colony.
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New Zealand was separated from NSW to become a seperate colony.
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Australia became the world's richest pastoral area and had the best wool in the world. This new found wealth demanded for new roads and better communication throughout the country. This event showed how New South Wales was becoming more industrialised. In the same year, Australia's first railway systems were built. This same time also brought the introduction and use of electric telegraphs, telephones, electric trams, gas, and electric lights.
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Prospector Edward Hargraves found five specks of gold in the Summer Hill Creek in between Orange and Bathurst. Then the gold rush in New South Wales began.
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In 1851 the colony of Victoria was established. Victoria separated from NSW on the eve of the great expansion, which was caused by the gold rush. It is known as the most important event in the development of Victoria and its city Melbourne.
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Peter Lalor led the diggers of Ballarat against the Government who enforced the licenses for all diggers to pay mining taxes. They got together and burnt their licenses in protest against the gold mining taxes.
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In March 1855, the government finally agreed to the demands of Peter Lalor and the diggers and abolished the taxes.
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A public meeting was held in 1851, to discuss the separation of Queensland from New South Wales. Queen Victoria agreed and sent the signed Letters Patent on 6 June 1859. Queensland then became a self-governing colony, with its own Governor and elected Legislative Council and Laws. Every year on the 6 June Queensland Day is celebrated the creation of the State.
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The American civil war was when America had to fight for independence. They didn't want to have Britain's convicts anymore. Britain lost the war, meaning that Britain needed somewhere else to dump their convicts. If Britain hadn't lost the war, then Australia never would have been colonised.
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On the 10th of October 1861 the borders of South Australia were finalised.
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After Queensland became independent, the land mass was increased so that more people could live there.
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On the 6th of July 1863, Australia's current borders were finalised. Creating six separate colonies, Western Australia, South Australia (which included the Northern Territory), Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania.
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On the 6th of July 1863, the area above South Australia, formerly known as part of New South Wales, was named Northern Territory. It was originally governed by New South Wales, until South Australia took over in 1863, and then the Commonwealth took over in 1911. The Commonwealth allowed the Northern Territory to be self-governed in 1978
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In 1868, the last ship of convicts was sent from England to Australia. The ship's name was the Hougoumount and had 279 convicts on board.
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On the 1st of January 1901, The Commonwealth of Australia
was established. Which United the six British colonies of Australia. -
The ACT is today the smallest state in Australia. It is where the government is today.
