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Period: to
Events
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Nationalism
-feelings of pride and loyalty for your nation
-Henry Clay was a strong supporter of Nationalism
-Clay developed American System, a series of measures that intended to make the US economically self-sufficient -
Era of Good Feelings
-kickstarted by the mood of winning the War of 1812
-Era of peace, pride and progress
-saying coined by a Boston editor in 1817
-was an emphasis on national unity -
Sectionalism
-disagreements between the different regions
-led to the disagreement of whether Missouri would be a slave or free state
-led to the Missouri compromise -
Adams-Onis Treaty
-settled border disputes between Spain and the US
-US gave Spain Texas; Spain gave US Florida
-US gave 5 million dollars of US citizen claims to Spain
-Andrew Jackson convinced Spain and the US to make a treaty -
McCulloch vs Maryland
-Maryland limited the bank's operations with a tax
-James McCulloch, a cashier of the bank's branch in Maryland at the time, refused to pay the tax
-Maryland took him to court
-court ruled that the national bank was constitutional -
Missouri Compromise
-the conflict that arose from Missouri's application for statehood would be settled
-Missouri would be a slave state
-Maine would join as a free state to keep balance between slave and free states
-slavery would be prohibited from then on for new states and territories in the north -
Sante Fe Trail
-from places like Independence, Missouri, to Sante Fe, New Mexico
-led through deserts and mountains
-high profits led traders to follow the dangerous trail
-US government sent troops to protect the traders from Native Americans -
Monroe Doctrine
-by early 1820's, most Spanish colonies in America had declared independence
-Simon Bolivar led many of the struggles for independence
-Mexico broke free of Spain in 1821
-James Monroe became afraid because he feared that other European powers might try and take new Latin-American countries
-Russia wanted some of Northwest America
-James Monroe and John Adams made a document known as the Monroe Doctrine, warning Europeans not to interfere with the Americans -
Bureau of Indian Affairs
-managed Native American removal to western lands
-Congress approved the creation of this new government agency
-Choctaw were the first moved
-many Native Americans were killed in the relocation process -
States' Rights Doctrine
-stated that since the states formed the national government, state power should be greater than federal power
-Vice President John C. Calhoun advanced this off of his "South Carolina Exposition and Protest" -
Tariff of Abominations
-Congress placed a high tariff on imports before Andrew Jackson became president
-southerners dubbed it the Tariff of Abominations in anger
-John Quincy Adams signed it despite not fully supporting it
-signing the bill caused Adams to lose the re-election -
Jacksonian Democracy
-1820's and 1830's
-period of expanding democracy in the US
-political parties had begun holding public nomination conventions -
Spoils System
-was the practice of giving government jobs to politcal supporters
-President Andrew Jackson did this for his supporters
-Martin Van Buren was the Secretary of State
-Jackson relied on his cabinet -
Indian Removal Act
-Ordered Native Americans located east of the Mississippi to move west, to reserved lands -
Indian Territory
-Current day Oklahoma
-John C. Calhoun, just one of many supporters of the territory, said that the territory would protect the Native Americans from further conflicts -
Nullification Crisis
-conflict between the supporters and opponents of nullification deepened
-caused by Calhoun's theory
-Calhoun resigned from Vice Presidency
-Martin Van Buren replaced him until Jackson's second term -
Whig Party
-favored a weak president and a strong Congress
-could not agree on a president nominee
-nominated 4 men to run against Van Buren
-Andrew Jackson backed Van Buren, allowing him to win
-1837 an economic depression began
-1840, Whigs backed William Henry Harrison
-Harrison won the election and for the first time ever gave a Whig Party nominee presidency -
Oregon Trail
-2000 mile long journey to the west
-settlers followed this trail
-followed Platte and Sweetwater rivers
-Travel lasted 6 months
-cost $600, when the average worker made $1.50 a day
-wagons pulled by oxen
-5000 settlers were in Willamette valley by 1845 -
Alamo
-abandoned mission near San Antonio that became an important battle site in the Texas Revolution
-rebels were hoping to stall the Mexicans
-all of our defenders were killed -
Trail of Tears
-Cherokee Indians were moved to Indian reserved territory in the west
-some were able to escape and hide in North Carolina
-Georgia took property from the relocated Cherokee
-they went on a forced 800 mile march, known as the Trail of Tears, to get to the relocation site
-nearly 1/4 of the 18,000 Cherokee died on the way -
Manifest Destiny
-means "obvious fate"
-settle the land all the way to the Pacific Ocean in order to spread democracy
-coined by John O'Sullivan in 1845 -
Donner Party
-group of western-bound travelers who were stranded in the Sierra Nevada Mountains during the winter
-tried to find a shortcut, and lost the main trail
-trapped by snow and were starving
-when rescue teams found them, nearly half were dead -
California Gold Rush
-Americans began a major migration to California
-took the Oregon Trail and split off at Idaho
-had to cross before the season's first snowfall
-California became a major trade center -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
-signed in February 1848 by Mexico and the US
-officially ended war
-forced Mexico to turn over much of its northern territory to the US
-US gained California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and parts of Wyoming and Colorado -
Forty-Niners
-gold seekers that migrated to California
-braved long and dangerous journies to get to California
-San Francisco became a port-town
-population of the area tripled in 2 years -
Gadsden Purchase
-US government paid Mexico $10 million
-US recieved the southern parts of what are now Arizona and New Mexico
-this purchase finalized the border between US and Mexico
