-
Both Britain and America had claimed Oregon Counrtry, but by 1818, they agreed to occupy the reigion together.
-
Alexander Hamilton convinced Congress to charter the Bank of the United States for 21 years.
-
The founder of the shakers, Ann Lee, came to America from England. She preached that all people were equal and should share in all aspects of life.
-
Senator Robert Y. Hayne remined everyone that Jefferson was the first to raise the issue of states' rights in the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions of 1798-1799.
-
Many people were heavy drinkers and children could buy alcohal just as easily as adults. Reformers were trying to stop the drinking. They urged people to sign pledges saying they wouldn't drink any alcohal. By 1843, 500,000 people had signed pledges.
-
Throughout the 1800s, women had few or no legal of political rights.
-
Washington Irving became popular with the publishing of his book: A History of New York . . . by Diedrich Knickerbocker.
-
On September 16, 1810, Mexico's first call for revolt was Hidalgo's speech: the Grito do Deloras.
-
Jackson offered the Cherokee a choice, to move west or settle on 640 acres of land each. Most chose the latter, and ended up with herds of cattle, cotton gins, spinning wheels, looms, and some even had African American slaves. Ten years later, in 1827, the Cherokee went further and adopted a constitution for a Cherokee Republic.
-
Thomas H. Gallaudet started the first American school for deaf children.
-
Senators and representatives gathered in Washington D.C. for a new session of Congress.
-
The Missouri Compromise was passed. It states:
1) The power in Congress should be evenly balanced between slave-free states, and states that allow slavery.
2) Slavery was to be banned from the Louisiana territory north of 36 degrees and 30 feet to Missouri's southern border. -
Hudson's Bay Company of Canada had the region in it's control.
-
The population of Tejanos (a Mexican living in Texas) was about 4000.
-
Agustin de Hurbide took over. He has so much support from the Mexican people, Spain had to give in.
-
On June 30, 1821, Mexico was declared independent, with no shots fired in the process. Iturbide made himself the emperor, and the revolt was led by Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna. He then ruled off and on for the next 30 years.
-
Stephan Austin led the first group of Americans to the Austin grant.
-
In the fall of 1823, Jedediah Smith led a party of hunters to western Wyoming.
-
William Becknell became the first western trader to carry his goods in conestoga wagons.
-
Thomas Cole began painting landscapes in a simple, direct style.
-
In the mid-1800s, one of the most original American thinkers was Henry David Thoreau. He believed in living simply and in harmony with nature.
-
American artists began developing a unique style of painting landscapes.
-
New York abolished slavery, setting Sojourner Truth free.
-
Jedediah Smith and his party headed for California. Thought to be spies by the Mexicans, they were jailed, and then eventually released. They headed north along the coast towards Oregon. Many party members were killed by Umpqua Indians, and only a few reached Fort Vancouver on the Columbia River.
-
The rematch between Jackson and Adams was quickly approaching. But when the time came to vote, Jackson won by a landslide.
-
On March 4, 1829, Jackson was to be sworn in as president and people came from all over to see it.
-
The Mexican government ended slavery in Mexico.
-
In 1830, the Indian Removal Act was passed.
-
The Jefferson Birthday Dinner of 1830.
-
In the 1830s, Senators Henry Clay and Daniel Webster argued that the government needed to hep people through difficult times, but the president disagreed.
-
Samuel G. Howe founded the Perkin's School for the Blind in Boston.
-
Laws were changed to allow voters to choose the governor in a direct election.
-
Texas' population was around 30,000.
-
Mexicans closed Texas to Anglo-American (English speaking Americans) settlers and banned the intro of more slaves.
-
Anglo-Americans objected to being forced to become Catholic. They were also unhappy because all offical documents were in Spanish. They hated laws that banned American immigration and placed tarrifs on American goods.
-
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints was founded by Joseph Smith.
-
Alexis de Toequeville arrived in America in 1831. After returning to France, he wrote the book Democracy in America.
-
The major parties held national conventions to choose candidates.
-
William Lloyd Garrison's paper, The Liberator, was published.
-
Cheif Justice John Marshall declared that Georgia had no right to force the Cherokee to relocate and stood in favor of them.
-
The tariff was lowered by Congress for the south.
-
A Sauk chief, Black Hawk, tried to lead his people back to thier homes. The United States Army and Illinois militia quickly crushed them. The Black Hawk War was the last Native American war in the Midwest.
-
Congress vowed to renew the charter for the Bank of the United States.
-
President Jackson didn't trust the bank. He thought the bank was convincing Congress to pass laws that were friendly to it; so he vetoed the bill to charter it. The bank veto became a main issue in the election.
-
Sam Houston moved to Texas to practice law.
-
A compromise teriff was passed in1833 to avoid more (and more violent) conflict.
-
There were three times as many newspapers in America than in England. There were hundreds of magazines as well.
-
The fisrt white immigrants to cross the continent to Oregon were Methodist missionaries.
-
The Mexican congress ordered the missions to turn over half of their land to the Indians.
-
Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna became Mexico's dictator.
-
John Sutter set out to America in 1834. After arriving, he atempted farming for a living. That failed. He then atempted trading. That failed as well. Eventually he moved to California.
-
The Seminole refused to leave thier lands, ¨If suddenly we tear our hearts from the homes around which they are twined, our heart strings will snap.¨
-
The bank's charter ran out in 1836.
-
Martin Van Buren was elected president.
-
In September of 1836, Texas proclaimed itself a self-governoring country, with Sam Houston as it's first president.
-
Texas asked Congress to be annexed (added as an extra part) to the Union.
-
On February 23, 1836, Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna and his troops attacked San Antonio.
-
An American general called a truce to discuss peace with Osceola, a Seminole chief.
-
The collapse of the nation's money caused the Panic of 1837. It was one of the first depressions in American history.
-
Because of the Panic of 1837, 90 percent of all the nation's factories shut down.
-
Ralph Waldo Emerson urged American scholars to free themselves from their European roots and think on their own.
-
General Winfield Scott had the federal troops relocate the 15,000 remaining Cherokee.
-
In the fall of 1838, soldiers captured a Cherokee - Tsali - and his family. They poked them with bayonets to make them walk faster. Eventually, they escaped to the Smoky Mountains and killed a soldier in the process. General Scott didn't want to chase them, so he offered them a deal: if Tsali and his party came down, the rest of them could stay. Tsali agreed. They came down and were shot, but the rest of them were safe.
-
The Shaker membership reached it's peak with about 6000 participants.
-
Slavery opposers - antislavery societies - had more than 2000 groups streched across the North.
-
Leaders of the antislavery movement gathered in London. Some of them were Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
-
American scholars were taking pride in their nation's culture.
-
Dorothea Dix asked states to improvethe care of the mentally ill. Her efforts led to the building of 32 new hospitals.
-
In 1843, there was a flood of emmigrants to Oregon.
-
Anti-mormon mobs began murdering mormon leaders.
-
Henry Clay, the Great Comprimiser, was running for president.
-
James K. Polk's victory - manifest destiny became government policy.
-
The Emigrant's Guide was what the travelers on the Oregon Trail used. It was a guide book explaining everything they would need to know to get to Oregon safely.
-
In December of 1845, Texas joined the Union.
-
Maine passed a law banning the sale of liquor. 12 other states soon followed, yet most of those laws were repealed.
-
In May of 1846, Congress reacted to Mexico's new government by declaring war on them. This was the begining of the Mexican War.
-
Mexico got a new government in January of 1846. By then, Mexican territory claimed most of Texas.
-
Kearney's troops joined the Americans rebelling against Mexican rule. America's control of California went unchallenged.
-
General Taylor moved south from Texas, defeating Santa Anna's troops at Buena Vista.
-
A different kind of wagon trail set out on the Oregon trail. Led by Brigham Young, this was a party of mormons in search of a new home.
-
In September of 1847, Mexico City fell to Scott and his troops.
-
Lucretta Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were a few of the people who organized a meeting at Seneca Falls, New York, for antislavery purposes.
-
In January of 1848, James Marshall found gold in California's American River.
-
The Mexican War ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo.
-
California's gold rush started.
-
Between 1849 and 1852, 250,000 people arrived in California.
-
There was a Non-Indian population of 93,000.
-
California was ready for statehood. California became the 31st state on September 9, 1850.
-
By 1850, the issue of slavery began to tear America apart.
-
Herman Melville published Moby Dick.
-
By the end of 1851, one tenth of California's population was Chinese.
-
Mexico sold America southern New Mexico and Arizona for $10 million. This was know as the Gadsden Purchase.
-
Henry David Thoreau's book: Walden, was published.
-
New York was first to pass the law: married women have rights to their own property and wages.
-
By 1870, California's Indian population had gone from 150,000 to 30,000.
-
When Susan B. Anthony tried to vote, she was arrested and fined.
