-
Period: to
World War I
Triggered by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in 1914.
Involved major global powers, including Britain, France, Russia vs. Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire.
Introduced modern warfare: trenches, machine guns, poison gas. -
Stock Market Crash
On October 29, 1929, U.S. stock markets crashed, triggering the Great Depression.
It caused widespread unemployment, poverty, and economic collapse around the world, especially in the U.S. and Europe. -
Period: to
The great depression
On October 29, 1929 (Black Tuesday), the U.S. stock market collapsed.
Sparked a global economic depression lasting through the 1930s.
Unemployment, bank failures, and poverty spread worldwide. -
Period: to
World War II
Began when Germany invaded Poland in 1939.
Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan
Allied Powers: Britain, Soviet Union, United States, and others.
Included events like the Holocaust, Pearl Harbor, and atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. -
Indian Independence
After nearly 200 years of British colonial rule, India gained independence on August 15, 1947, led by nonviolent movements under leaders like Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru.
It marked the end of the British Empire’s dominance in Asia and inspired other anti-colonial movements around the world. -
Period: to
The Cold War
A global ideological conflict between the United States (capitalism) and the Soviet Union (communism).
Involved nuclear arms race, space race, and proxy wars (e.g., Korea, Vietnam).
No direct war, but constant global tension.
Division of the world into East vs. West blocs. -
Man Lands on the Moon
On July 20, 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the Moon during NASA’s Apollo 11 mission.
It marked a huge achievement in science and technology and was a major victory for the U.S. in the Space Race. -
Fall of the Berlin Wall
On November 9, 1989, the Berlin Wall—which had divided East and West Berlin since 1961—was torn down by the people.
It symbolized the end of the Cold War and led to the reunification of Germany. It also marked the collapse of communist regimes across Eastern Europe.