-
Military given high profile from government. Growing european divide led to arms race between main countries. Armies from both France & Germany had more then doubled between 1870-1914. Fierce competition between Britian and Germany for mastery of the seas.
-
-
A number of alliances were formed by countries between 1879-1914. Were important because they mean't that some countries had no choice but to declare war if one of their alies declared first.
-
When a country takes over new lands or countries and makes them subject to their rule. By 1900s the British empire extended over five continents and France had control of large parts of africa. With rise of industrialism Countries needed new markets. Amount of lands "owned" by France and Britain increased rivalry with Germany who entered the scramble to acquire colonies late & only had small areas of Africa.
-
Mens to be a strong supporter of ones countries rights & interests. Congress of Vienna aimed to sort out problems in europe & make a new europe. Delagates from Russia, Austria, Prussia, Britian. Left Germany & Italy out as seperate states. Strong nationalistic elements led to unification of Italy in 1861 & Germany in 1871. Settlement at end of Franco-Prussian war left France angry over loss of Alstia to Germany, keen to regain territory.
-
germany and Austria-Hungary formed an Alliance to protect themselves from Russia
-
(for events I don't know the exact date for I will put at the 1st of January) The alliance is formed to stop Russia fom gaining control of Serbia.
-
Germany and Austria-Hungary form an alliance with Italy to prevent Italy siding with Russia.
-
Russia formed an alliance with France to protect herself against Germany and Austria-Hungary
-
The Entente Cordiale was an agreement made between Britain and France, but it was not an offical alliance.
-
Morocco was given to France by Britian. Morrocans wanted independance. Germany announced its support for Moroccos independance. War narrowly avoided by a conference allowing France to retain Morocco. In 1911 Germany protested again, Britian supported France and germany was persuaded to back down for part of French Congo.
-
-
An agreement formed between Britain and Russia, but it was not an officail alliance.
-
Made between Russia, France and Britain to counter the increaing threat from Germany.
-
Austria-Hungary took over province of Bosnia. Angered Serbians who thought it should be theres. Serbia threatened Austria-Hungary with war. Russia being allied with Serbia mobilized troops. germany being allied with Austria-Hungary mobilized troops. War was prevented when Russia backed down. However, there was war in the Balkons 1911-1912 when Serbia drove Turkey out of area. Fought about which area should be whos. Austria intervened and forced Serbia to give up some acquistions. Tension high.
-
A revolt broke out in Morocco in the spring of 1911 which confined the Sultan to his palace.
-
A large amount of French troops were moved into Morocco in support of the Sultan.
-
The Black Hand was formed by Colonel Apis and ten other men. The aim of this group was to build a Greater Serbian Empire
-
Germany sent a gunboat to the Moroccon port of Agadir in protest at France's increasing military presence in Morocco. Britian anounced that they would stand by France. This threatened to result in War
-
-
germany announced that if Austria-Hungary was forced into war, she would stand with them
-
At the time of 1913 the Black Hand group was growing in numbers. it had a menership of about 2,500 people including military and government officails.
-
The new French President, Raymond Poincaré, favoured a policy of trying to improve relations with Germany rather than pursuing a military solution. Germany on the other hand favoured a policy of war against France and intended to use General Schlieffen's plan to overpower France if war break out.
-
Britain - 29 dreadnoughts and 9 dreadnought battle cruisers
Germany - 17 dreadnoughts and 7 dreadnought battle cruisers (photo of the German SMS Nassau) -
They trained Gavrilo Princip (who assasinated Francis ferdinand) Nedeljko Cabrinovic and Trifko Grabez, in explosives. They were then smuggled back to Bosnia. Their mission was to assassinate the archduke of Austria-Hungary.
-
The trigger of WW1
-
Austria-Hungary subsequently issued an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Serbia, it was partially rejected. Believed Sebia was part of the Assassination. Did not declare War as Serbia was Allied with Russia
-
He agreed German support for Austria against Serbia.
-
When serbia did not agree with the ultimatum, Austria declared War.
-
Germany being allied with Austria-Hungary declared War on Russia
-
Germany declared war on France as it was allied with Russia
-
Britain declared war on Germany for violating Belgium's neutrality
-
Japan, being allies with Britain declared war on Germany
-
-
-
-
-
Italy changed sides and Joined the allies
-
-
1st time all 4 Canadain divisions attacked together. Stormed ridge at 5:30. More then 15,000 Canadian infantry overran Germans all along front. Countless acts of sacrific as troops single handediy charged machine gun nests/ forced surrender of Germans in protective dugouts. Hill 145, where the monument stands today, captured in frontal bayonet charge against machinegun positions. 3 days of battle gave way to victory. Was an important success even if British/French offensive, it waspart of failed
-
-
Viewing German as chief instigator of conflict, European powers imposed stringent obligations. Worst being "War guilt clause" forcing Germany to accept responsibility for the war. Were forbidden to have an airforce. Required to conduct war crime preceedings to Kaiser & other leaders for waging agressive wa. Forced to concede territories to Belguim, Hultschin district, poland. Returned Alsace/lorraine to France. All oversea colonies became league of Nations Mandates. City of Danzig, free city
-
one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
-
Made as a result of Paris peace conference that ended WW1. International organization formed after WW1 under provisions of treaty of Versailles. Forerunner to united nations, brought about much international cooperation on health, labor problems, refugee affairs, etc. Was, however, too weak to stop Great Powers going to war in 1939.
-
Hitler giving emotional speeches between February and March.
-
The Soviet Communist Party appoints Josef Stalin as General Secretary. at the height of WWII, Stalin and the Soviets become part of the Allied forces.
-
means: giving in to someone provided their demands are seen as reasonable. During the 1930s, many politicians in both Britain and France came to see that the terms of the Treaty of Versailles had placed restrictions on Germany that were unfair. Hitler's actions were seen as understandable and justifiable.When Germany began re-arming in 1934, many politicians felt that Germany had a right to re-arm in order to protect herself.
-
Japan was hit with a depression in 1931. People lost hope in the government and turned to the army causing the army to invade Manchuria, China as it was rich with resources. the League of nations tried to stop the conflict but failed.
The main reasons for the league of nations failing was: Not all countries were part of it, it had no power, it had no army and was unable to act quickly. -
Almost immediately he began secretly building up Germany's army and weapons. In 1934 he increased the size of the army, began building warships and created a German airforce. Compulsory military service was also introduced. Britain and France were both aware of his actions but did not want to start another war.
-
After a long wait, Hitler receives the Führer of Germany title, making him chancellor and head of state. The war guilt clause, its incumbent reparation payments, and the limitations on the German military were particularly onerous in the minds of most Germans, and revision of the Versailles Treaty represented one of the platforms that gave radical right wing parties in Germany, including Hitler's Nazi Party, such credibility to mainstream voters in the 1920s and early 1930s.
-
After years of unemployment in Germany, people started working again. Everyone was earning good money and the industry was getting stronger. Those in support of the Nazi policy believed the Jews were to blame for unemployment.
-
Country under Stalin's control. Starvation had killed 6 million people. During prewar years, Stalin claimed the lives of nearly 700,000 people
-
In the summer of 1939, Hitler decided to invade Poland. He had to make sure the Soviet Union would not defend them in alliance with France and Britain.
-
On August 29th, Hitler made a deal with Stalin. Pact contained a secret clause, an agreement to carve up Eastern Europe.
-
Trigger of WW2 was Germany invading Poland causing Britain and France to declare war on Germany.
-
British ambassador sent Hitler an ultimatum to withdraw troops from Poland. No reply and the ultimatum expired. Britian was then at war with Germany.
-
By September 27th, Germany had conquered Poland. Thousands of people were buried alive under the ruins of the cities. Hitler now turned his attention to the West.
-
German troops stormed into France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg. Denmark and Norway had already fallen. British troops were retreating. The population of France were terrified of the Germans
-
By the end of May, the allies in France were beaten. June 17th, the war for France was over and lost, Now it was Britain's turn.
-
To resist an expected Nazi invasion, Britain created a new defence force known as the Home Guard.
Heavy bombing on British cities began. -
-
An s.s oficer and 9 German pop. killed by Serbian resistance. Rumours that people were being executed in afternoon. No one really knew why the people taken to be executed were selected. A few were fighters but more were normal Surbs. They were hanging people . Not a week went by without Partizans being killed for shooting Germans. Peopler were hung from lamp posts in town, sometimes for almost a week.
-
Nazis saw Jews and Slavs as "subhuman" and thought they belonged in the ghettos. Jews had to wear a star of David on their arms, had arm bands. If Germans saw a Jew without or with a dirt arm band, they beat them. There were a lot of staving chuldren without parents at this time. Deportation from the Ghettos to camps began. Started rounding up women and children.
-
Heaviest period of bombing was between November 1940 and may 1941, 40,000 people were killed and over 2 million homes were destroyed. By spring 1941, the Battle of Britain was won.
German plan for invasion was postponed.
Hitler prepared for a new war, an invasion of the Soviet Union. -
By spring, Hitler had decided to break the non-aggression pact he had with Stalin. Under the the code name Barbarossa, planned invasion of the Soviet Union. It was to be a war of extermination, very different from the one in the west.
3 million men began to move to the East. Eve of operation Barbarossa, German officers toasted the largest invasion force in history. -
On June 22, German troops crossed the Russian boarder. Over 3,000 tanks attacked on 3 fronts stretching 1,000 miles from the Baltic to the Black Sea.
-
German advance was rapid up to 40 miles a day capturing vast areas of the Soviet Union. Over 3 million Soviet soldiers were captured. In 6 months, 600,000 prisoners died. In august 1941, Hitler visited the Eastern front. German tanks now approached Moscow. By December that year, the Germans still failed to take Moscow.
-
In December that year, USA entered the war and Japan bombed Pearl Harbour in Hawaii. What started as a European conflict had evolved into a World War
-
-
Also known as the Japanese-American Internment Act, placing all people of Japanese descent in camps.
-
-
Japanese turn back with heavy losses
-
Summer of 1942, 265,000 men/women/children were taking from ghettos to death camps.
-
-
Recognised as the biggest battle in the war
-
Increases income tax and corporate rates to pay for the cost of war.
-
German troops experience defeat for the first time in the winter of 1942, Hitler and Stalin order that there be no surrender. Battle took over 600,000 lives. German soldier received very little food. Air attacks occurred in the night time bombing them.
-
Roosevelt, Winston Churchill along with some French reps meet in Morocco to discus the Casablanca Declaration. The goal of the declaration was to get the Axis powers to surrender
-
-
They landed in Sicily
-
In the summer of 1943, massive tank battles gave the men and women of the red army the momentum to push the Germans back. Millions were killed on the Eastern front.
-
November 22-26
-
Considered the big three allied leaders
-
Known as Operation Shingle
-
Allies invade and regain Europe on D-Day also known as the greatest military invasion in history beginning with the Normandy Landings
-
Its best known as the I.G bill
-
This is where Douglas MacArthur's troops landed in the Philippines
-
-
In response to the invasion of Normandy, Germany went on the offensive in what was known as the Battle of the Bulge
-
February 4-1: the "big three" allies discussed post war Europe
-
U.S troops land in Okinawa and a battle takes place
-
He passes after serving 4 terms as President
-
-
War begins to end when Germany starts surrendering
-
-
Manhattan Project detonates the worlds first atomic bomb :0
-
They meet for two weeks to discuss post war Europe at the Potsdam Conference
-
:(
-
Japan surrenders ending the war
-
Japanese reps. sign the Terms of Surrender on the USS Missouri
-
The USA divides the Korean Peninsula along the 38th parallel creating the North and South Koreas.
-
The Nuremberg Trials begin in Germany prosecuting leaders of the Nazi party
