-
Italy joined the dual (France and Russia get nervous).
-
Franco-Russian Alliance against triple alliance.
-
Britain. Major powers: Germany, Britain, France, Russia, Austria-Hungary.
-
The big wide world was men’s business
Women weren’t very rational so they wouldn’t be able to make big decisions
Only a very few rich women owned houses or paid the rent
If only rich women got the vote they’d most likely vote Conservative. The liberals didn’t like that idea. -
The only option form many old people was the workhouse
-
Entente Cordiale (Britain and France)
-
In 1906 the Liberal Party won a landslide general election victory over the Conservatives
-
Triple Entente (Russia, Britain and France)
-
The Charter made it illegal for children younger than 16 to buy cigarettes, go into a pub or beg.
-
He proposed the tax increases in the 1909 budget. It was designed to tax the rich more heavily than the poor –so it became known as the People’s budget.
-
French troops sent to Fez to fight Moroccan rebels. Germany accused France of trying to take control over Morocco, and sent a warship (Panther), hoping to force France to give them the French Congo. Britain objected to the German action because they had a naval base nearby at Gibraltar (they sent warships to Agadir). Germany backed down and recognized French influence in Morocco (Germans felt anti-British)
-
The Act came in two parts: health insurance and unemployment benefit.
-
Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro formed the Balkan League and attacked the Ottoman Empire in 1912
-
1913 Bulgaria went to war with Greece and Serbia. Turkey and Romania joined the Greek and Serbian side and Bulgaria was soon defeated losing land to the four victors
-
Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the heir to the throne, and he went to Bosnia to help the loyalty of the Bosnian people to Austria-Hungary
-
Ypres, Mons, and the river Marne.
-
- They didn’t have enough weapons
- They weren’t prepared for a long campaign
- The Army was poorly organized (no discipline) (compare Spanish Civil War)
- 200,000 Russians killed in battles of Tannenberg and the Masurian Lakes
-
Sir Douglas Haig.
-
The British lost 14 ships, and the Germans lost 11
The British ships were more severely damaged
The Germans left the battle first. -
They beat the Turks at the Battle of Beersheva, and took Jerusalem. Then took Damascus, led by Sir Edmund Allenby, and finally British forces controlled the area
-
It was called Brest-Litovsk
-
Germany had to return land taken from France, Belgium, Poland and others
German colonies in Africa were shared between Fr and Brit
Germany had to pay reparations of £6600 million to compensate the Allies for the cost of the war. -
- Millions of people dead; too much money spent
- Germany wasn’t allowed to take part in the talks
- This wouldn’t happen again (system of alliances failed)
-
St.Germain, Austria:
Separated Austria from Hungary
Stopped Austria joining with Germany
Land taken away eg. Bosnia
Made Austria disarm
Created new countries -
Neully, Bulgaria:
Lost some land
Lost access to the sea
Made Bulgaria disarm -
Trianon, Hungary:
Land taken away eg. Croatia
Made Hungary disarm
Created new countries -
Sèvres, Turkey:
Lost land – part of Turkey became new mandates eg. Syria
Lost control of the Black Sea -
- Washington Conference 1921: USA, Br & Fr reduced size of Navies
-
- Rapallo Treaty 1922: Rus & Ger resumed diplomatic relations
-
Mussolini wanted both apologize and money compensation after the murder of Italian diplomat, invading the Greek island of Corfu. The League argued in favor of compensation. Finally, Mussolini received money and apologizes: the League was weak, very weak.
-
- Geneva Protocol 1924: Tried to make countries use the League to sort out disputes.
-
He changed the voting rules, and in the next elections of 1924 the Fascists swept to power, beginning to change Italy into a dictatorship, ridding of other political parties and became the Head of State: Il Duce (the leader).
-
- Dawes Plan 1924: USA plan to lend money to Germany and extend payments
-
- Locarno Treaties 1925: Germany agreed to western borders set at Versailles
-
By 1926, Germany’s economy was stronger and had been accepted into the League of Nations.
-
- Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928: 65 nations agreed not to use force to settle arguments.
-
- Young Plan 1929: Reduced reparations by 75% gave Germany 59 years to pay.
-
Wall Street is the trade center for the USA (and the world)
People selling shares=>prices dropped=>business collapsed and people ruined=>banks couldn’t keep value of shares artificially because no money=>banks failed=>government should not interfere.
