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Dual Alliance (Germany and Austria-Hungary)
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Triple Alliance: Italy joined the dual (France and Russia get nervous)
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1900-1914 Germany built 40 battleships and cruisers.
The Kaiser wanted Germany to be a major world power but he needed a bigger navy. -
Franco-Russian Alliance against triple alliance
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Entente Cordiale (Britain and France)
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The Moroccan crisis
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the Conservative Government set up a Royal Commission to look at the Poor Law
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Britain built the first Dreadnought
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Employers had to pay workers compensation for injuries and diseases it they had got them as a result of their work. It covered 6 million workers who hadn’t previously had any legal protection
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The Liberal Party won a landslide general election victory over the Conservatives.
The School Meals Act allowed LEAs (Local Education Authorities. They were in charge of running state schools) to supply free school meals paid for out of rates (local council tax) -
Triple Entente (Russia, Britain and France) to fight against the Triple Alliance.
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Germany built its own version , but Britain had a new, bigger kind
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One of the most problematic crisis was the crisis in the Balkans.
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Many people living there were Slavs, who wanted to unite with Serbia. The Austrian invasion was resented by the Slavic peoples everywhere, including Russia. Serbia wanted to unite the Slavic peoples in the region, and resented the invasion of Bosnia
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They put together the Trade Board Act setting a minimum wage, and also worked on the Labour Exchanges Act, setting up job centres.
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French troops sent to Fez to fight Moroccan rebels. Germany accused France of trying to take control over Morocco, and sent a warship (Panther), hoping to force France to give them the French Congo. Britain objected to the German action because they had a naval base nearby at Gibraltar (they sent warships to Agadir). Germany backed down and recognized French influence in Morocco (Germans felt anti-British)
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The Act came in two parts: health insurance and unemployment benefit
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The "conscription" was a custom in most Western countries and armies increased.
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The Archduke was killed by a Serb student called Princip while he visited Sarajevo in June 1914. Princip was a Black Hand member. This assassination only triggered the war, it didn’t cause it.
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Two million workers were covered by the trade boards and so had the security of a minimum wage.
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Austria-Hungary blames the Serbian government for the assassination, issuing a 10-point ultimatum. The ultimatum states that if Serbia doesn’t give up its independence, Austria-Hungary will send troops into Serbia
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Serbia refuses to let these troops in. Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
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Germany demands that Russia stop mobilizing
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Russia begins mobilizing troops ready to help Serbia
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Russia refuses. Germany declares war on Russia. France begins mobilizing to help Russia
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Germany declares war on France and sends troops through Belgium to attack, following the Schlieffen Plan
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All the great powers of Europe marched to war.
Belgium is neutral, and Britain has agreed to protect Belgium. Britain orders Germany to withdraw. Germany refuses. Britain declares war on Germany.
Britain sent the BEF to help France and Belgium
After Ypres the British Army needed more men -
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Use gas axphyxiating
Petain general French top -
Balkans are involving in war
The trench
War of Verdun
Somme campaign begins
Greece declares the war to the aliance -
Submarine warfare during the First World War was in part a struggle between German U-Boats and supply convoys across the Atlantic to Britain final destination. The British and allied submarines carry a wide range of operations in the Baltic Sea, North Sea, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea. Only a few activities took place outside the European-Atlantic theater of war. Attacks by German submarines to Allied merchant ships gave Americans a direct reason to enter the war in April.
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American neutrality policy was changed when Germany announced in January 1917 that from 1 February resort to unrestricted submarine warfare against the British fleet and all ships were directed to this nation. United States had already expressed its opposition to unrestricted submarine warfare because it violated his rights as a neutral power , and had even threatened Germany with the rupture of diplomatic relations if it came to implementing this strategy . On 3 February,
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the United States broke diplomatic relations with Germany . That's when three days after the United States declared war on Germany .
The torpedoed by a German submarine fleet against the Lusitania ship where traveling U.S. 123 , caused a strong reaction in the U.S., which was prepared to officially enter the war on the side of the Allies. But he must first overcome a big problem: the massively recruit soldiers , as his army was very low. -
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Russia pulled out of the War in
In April the USA joined the Allies -
Evacuation of all Russian territory , Russia giving full opportunity for self-development with the help of the powers.
Full restoration of Belgium in its full sovereignty and freedom .
Liberation throughout France and repair the damage caused by Prussia in 1871.
Resetting the Italian borders in accordance with the principle of nationality.
Opportunity for independent development of the peoples of Austria-Hungary .
Evacuation of Romania , Serbia and Montenegro, granting access to the sea for Serb -
Security autonomous development of non-Turkish nationalities of the Ottoman Empire, and the Strait of free for all kinds of boats Dardanelles.
Declare Poland as an independent state , which also has access to the sea.
The creation of a general association of nations , to be by specific covenants for the purpose of mutually guarantee political independence and territorial integrity , both large and small states . -
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Conventions and no open secret diplomacy in the future.
Absolute freedom of navigation in peace and in war outside territorial waters, except when seas quedasen closed by an international agreement .
Disappearance , as much as possible , economic barriers.
Suitable for the reduction of national armaments guarantees.
Adjustment of colonial claims , so that the interests of the people deserve equal consideration to the aspirations of governments , the basis shall be determined , -
The Treaty of Versailles was a peace treaty signed at the end of the First World War officially ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Countries. It was signed on June 28, 1919 in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, one of the major events that had triggered the war. Although the armistice was signed months ago (11 November 1918) to end the fighting in the battlefield,
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The Treaty of Saint Germain-en-Laye was signed on September 10, 1919, by the victorious Allies of World War I on the one hand and by the new Republic of Austria on the other. As the Treaty of Versailles with Germany, contained the Covenant of the League of Nations and consequently was not ratified by the United States
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Peace agreement signed at Neuilly-sur-Seine (France) on November 27, 1919 between the victors of the First World War and Bulgaria, which had been defeated. Under the terms of this treaty, Bulgaria had to cede small areas of its territory to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later renamed as Yugoslavia), whose independence is recognized, and deliver to Greece Western Thrace, which lost its output the Aegean Sea. Also Dobruja was returned to Romania.
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None of the Paris peace treaties were more drastic in its terms that the Treaty of Trianon. For this was not only Hungary but also dismembered mutilated. Even if we exclude Croatia, which had been united only in a federal tie to the other lands of the Holy Crown of St. Stephen - but remained one hundred years - The Hungarian properties were reduced to less than a third of its prewar area , a little more than 2/5 of its population.
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Peace treaty between Turkey and the Allied powers (except for the Soviet Union and the United States) after the First World War. The agreement was signed on August 10, 1920 in Sèvres (France). Disintegrating Ottoman Empire and Turkey limited to the city of Constantinople and its surrounding territories, and part of Asia Minor. Turkey had to give Greece Eastern Thrace, Imbros, Tenedos and Smyrna; Armenia achieved independence and Kurdish autonomy.
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USA, Br & Fr reduced size of Navies
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Rus & Ger resumed diplomatic relations
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Mussolini wanted both apologize and money compensation after the murder of Italian diplomat, invading the Greek island of Corfu. The League argued in favor of compensation. Finally, Mussolini received money and apologizes: the League was weak, very weak.
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plan to lend money to Germany and extend payments
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to make countries use the League to sort out disputes
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Germany agreed to western borders set at Versailles
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Germany’s economy was stronger and had been accepted into the League of Nations
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65 nations agreed not to use force to settle arguments
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Reduced reparations by 75% gave Germany 59 years to pay