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LinkThe Magna Carta was created to restrict the dictator-like power held by King John of England, The King was forced to sign it and hand over some of his power to the other nobles. By the end of the century, a parliament with representatives from around England had been established, with the Magna Carta used as a basis,
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LinkThe Mayflower compact was a document signed by the adult male passengers of the Mayflower stating that they would stay together in a civil manner and agree to the authority of the group leaders.
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Link Two representatives from each of the four colonies came together and formed a union. This helped protect the new colonies from threats of war and other invasion.
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LinkThe French and Indian war was the result of conflict over land west of the Appalachians. Both the French and the English believed the land should belong to them. Each side had Native American allies who helped their cause.
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LinkAfter the French and Indian War, delegates from the US colonies and Iroquois nations met and signed a plan of union,
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Link After the end of the French and Indian War, colonists were eager to expand west. But, the King decreed that no one should live west of the Appalachians. This was mainly so that the British did not need to pay for protection for the colonists. Needless to say, the colonists were not happy that they could not live in land they fought and died for.
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Link The Sugar act placed a tax on imported goods such as sugar, certian wines, coffee, and molasses. It also restricted what the colonies could export to certian nations and islands.
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Link The Stamp Act was passed in order to relieve some of the debt that the British government held after the French and Indian War. It stated that any document printed on paper needed to have a stamped, taxed seal for it to be official.
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Link The Stamp Act Congress was a meeting of delegates from nine colonies to discuss the new taxtes put in place by England. In the end Congress decided that England should be allowed to makes laws, but not taxes.
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Link Charles Townshend, a member of Parliament, propsed a tax on tea, paint, lead, glass, and other goods imported into the colonies.
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Link A cold day in March turned into a fight between a mob of Boston patriots and British soldiers. It is believed that the fight began when colonists began throwing snowballs at the unwelcome british soldiers. A solider slipped firing his gun and other soliders fired after, not aware that they weren't under orders. 5 colonists ended up dead.
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Link The Boston Tea Party occurred because the British had not repealed the tax on tea. Also, they said that colonists could only but East India Tea Company tea. The colonists were angered by british control and in response dumped 342 chests of tea from the ships into the Boston Harbor.
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The Continental Congress first met in Philidelphia with delegates from each state but Georgia. Different delegates came to the assembly for different reasons. Some wanted to reason with Britian and show a united front while very actually wished to seperate from the crown. -
Link On March 23rd Patrick henry gave a speech at the Second Virginia Convention saying that a militia should be organized for every Virginia county. the last lines of this speech are now famous: "Give me liberty or give me death"
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On April 18th Revere was instructed to ride to Lexington in order to warn Sam Adams and John Hancock that the Regulars were on thier way to arrest them. On his way, he stopped and alerted people throughout the countryside about the approaching soldiers, as did many other riders. -
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The Battles of Lexington and Concord were the first battles of what would be the Revolutionary War. The British troops crossed into Concord, where the rebel soldiers were waiting for them having already been alerted by Paul Revere and the other riders. This is where "the shot heard 'round the world" would be fired. In the end, the colonists' guerrilla tactics helped them win this first battle. -
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The Second Continental Congress met as things were starting to become worse for the colonies. It was decided that a continental army would be formed and George Washington would be the commander. Also, the Olive Branch Petition was written and sent. This was a document sent the King stating the colonists feelings and asking for a peaceful resolution. -
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Fort Ticonderoga was a major for during the French and Idnian War, but after was basically forgotten. On May 10th 400 men were sent to the fort and attacked the south gate. The fort was surrendered with no casualties and no shots being fired. -
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Late at night rebel troops sought to take over Bunker Hill, but by mistake set up on Breeds hill. This was still a great strategic position and they were able to hold there ground until running out of ammunition. While the rebels were forced to retreat, they still considered it a victory as they had less casualties than the Regulars. -
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Common Sense was a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine, explaining in common language why the colonies should fight for independence from Britain. -
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After an eleven month seige of Boston, the Continental Army seized Dorchester Heights and aimed their cannons at British troop. On Mrach 17th the British realized that they had no choice but to evacuate Boston. -
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On July 8th the Declaration of Independence was announced to and read to the public in front of Independence hall. -
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Thomas paine wrote this essay at a time in which things were not looking good for the colonial army. Thomas hoped to inspire others to join the army and the rebel cause. -
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The day after Christmas Washington broke the traditional "Christmas truce" by crossing the Delaware with his troop and attacking German mercanaries at Trenton New Jersey. -
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The Battle of Saratoga is often known as the turning point in the war in which 86% of the British troops commanded by Burgoyne were captured. It also is known as the battle that gave the French confidence to join the colonies as an ally in the war. -
LinkAfter breaking from England, a new government need to be established. This was layed out in the Articles of Confederation and included a weak central government with most power in the states.
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Valley Forge was not a battle but instead the location of a six month encampment of US troops as they trained in traditional style warfare and prepared for the battles of the coming spring. -
http://www.ushistory.org/valleyforge/served/arnold.html
Most likely, Benedict Arnold felt unappreciated by the country he had sacrificed so much for and ended up selling out to the British forces, most likely for 10,00 pounds and a position in the military. -
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John Paul Jones was a member of the Continental navy. He was able to convince Benjamin Franklin to petition for a new ship from the French. After recieving this he attacked a British called "Serapis". He rammed his ship into the Serapis and when a fire broke out on his own ship they ended up boarding the captured Serapis. -
Link The Treaty of Paris decided that the Mississippi River would be the western border of the United States, but be allowed to be navigated byt the U.S. When Spain shut the river down, Southern delegates were outraged. It provided a way of life and transport for many people. In the end, many had to take matters into their hands in regards to removing the Spainards.
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Link When soliders were not being paid, George Washington gave a speech in front of Congress stating that his fellow officers had worked hard for the freedom of the nation and deserved their pay. Congress agreed.
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Link The treaty of Paris was signed by the U.S., Great Britian, France, Spain, and the Netherlands. It stated that the U.S. was now a nation, and it was allowed to expand
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Previously, education of the children was left up to the states, but each region had a different idea of who should be schooled and how. Congress created the Land Ordinance which stated that each state must have and maintain public schools for each child.
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Link This document stated that there should be a seperation of church and state, and that each person is entitled to their own religous beliefs.
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Link Shays' Rebellion was the first armed Rebellion in the new United States. When soliders were not being paid for their service in the Revolutionary War, many were loosing their farms and falling into debt. A group of farmers decided to stand up ti what was happen and took hold of an armery.
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LinkJames Madison called a meeting in Annapolis to discuss trade between states. In the end the 12 men in attendance decided that the Articles of Confederation needed to be changed or mended into what would eventually become the Constitution.
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Link Massachusetts ratified the Constitution in a 187-168 vote.
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Link 55 delegates met to discuss the problems with the United States government and the Articles of Confederation.
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LinkThe Northwest Ordiance was put into action when a new state, the Northwest Territory, was admitted to the union. This ordiance stated how a state is admitted and that it is equal to all other states.
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Link During the Constitutional Convention, the issue of state representation divided the delegates. Some thought states should have proportional representation while others thought it should be equal. In the end they compromised and decided that one house should be proportional for each state and one house should be equal for all states.
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Link The Constitution was sent out and 9 out of 13 states needed to ratify it in order for it to put into effect.
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Link The Anti-federalist articles were a series of papers written by anti-federalists insupport of their cause. They wrote about why the Constitution should not be ratified.
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Link The Federalist Papers were 85 essays published by supports of the ratification of the Constitution. Most were published anonymously in newspapers.
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Link Delaware was the firt state to ratify the Constitution with a unanimous vote.
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Link It was believed that when New Hampshire ratified the Constitution "pillars" would fall and cause a chain reaction of other states ratifing as well.
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Link The first meeting of the Congress involved the new President appointing judges of the supreme court.
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Link After the ratification of the Constitution, the Electoral College elected George Washington president unanimously.
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Link The Bill of Rights was created to protect the individual freedoms of the people. Also, this helped the anti-federalists to agree to the ratification of the constitution.
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At Yorktown, VA Washington and his troops forced the surrender of Lord Cornwallis signaling the end of war for independence. -
Link The Bill of Rights originally proposed 12 amendments, 10 of which were ratified with the approval of two-thirds of the Senate,
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After the passing of the Alien and Sedition Acts which stated that it was illegal to write or say anyhting critical of the government, James Madison and Thomas Jefferson wrote the Kentucky an Virginia Resolutions. These documents stated that states should be allowed to reject an laws found unconstitutional. -
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The Hartford Convention was a meeting of Federalist delegates to discuss the drastic decline of their party. Many thought that holding this meeting in the middle of a war was extremely wrong and unprofessional. -
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In order to keep the balance between pro- and anti-slavery members of the senate, the 36 30 line was established. No new state or territory could have slavery above this line. -
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The Tariff was passed in order to protect northeastern goods instead of foriegn products. But, it unintentionally raised taxes on southern cotton, putting a bad light on President John Quincy Adams. -
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After the tariff bill, South Carolina enacted an Ordinance of Nullification. This meant that to them, the bill did not exsist. -
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This act eliminated slavery in Britian and compensated all slave-holders for their losses. -
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On this date 57 delgates from the Republic of Texas delcares their independence from Mexico. -
LinkThomas Dartmouth Rice was a white actor who invented the character of a sterotypical African-American. He painted his face black and sang, danced, and acted goofy for audiences. Eventually the term became synonymous with rules or laws suppressing blacks.
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http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/reform/jb_reform_polk_1.html
James K. Polk, a Democrat, was fairly unknown and as a result, it was unexpected for him to win the 1844 election and become president of the United States. -
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The United States had envisioned an expansion as far as possible and Mexico stood in their way. Each country disagreed on the location of southern border of Texas. These reasons prompted a war between the nations. -
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David Wilmont was a Pennsylvania representative who was anti-slavery. He proposed the idea that all new lands won by the Mexican war would be anti-slavery. This idea became known as the Wilmont Proviso and would divide Congress. -
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When Mexico and the United States signed a treaty to end the war, California was included in the land that would be given to the United States. -
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Many laws were included under the fugitive slave act including the admission of California as a free state, the ending of the slave trade in DC, and the law that stated all fugitive slaves must be returned immediantly. This also prohibited anyone from aiding a fugitive slave. -
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Uncle Tom's Cabin was a book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. It depicted the harsh realities of slavery and showed many people how evil it truly was. Stowe herself was very anti-slavery and helped many people along the underground railroad. -
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This act eliminated the Missouri Compromise. It was introduced by Senator Stephen Douglas and stated that each state would be able to decide to allow slavery or not via popular sovereignty. -
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The Republican Party was born while the country was divided over the issue of slavery. Republicans typically supportered anti-slavery and whished to prevent it's expansion. -
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Lawrence, Kansas was the center of the anti-slavery movements in making Kansas a free state. On this date a group of 800 border ruffians stormed Lawrence, pillaging the town and destoying many things. -
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Three days before the attack Senator Sumner of Massachusetts gave an offensive speeach directed at Southeners and especially Senator Andrew Butler. Enraged by this speech, representative Preston Brooks of South Carolina (a cousin of Butler) attacked Sumner with the end of his cane. -
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The massacre of Pottawatomie Creek were committed by a group of men led by John Brown, He was strongly anti-slavery and he and his men murdered 5 pro-slavery men stating that they were under a mission of god. -
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Dred Scott was a slave who was moved to a free soil state. After living there for many years and then being taken back to a slave state and a life of slavery he decided to sue, He thought that after living in a free soil state he was entitled to be released from slavery. A judge ruled in favor of his master, meaning that even in free states slavery could exsist. -
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The Lincoln-Douglas debates were 8 debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas. Each were vying for a seat as Senator of Illinois. -
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The Raid at Harper's Ferry was conducted by John Brown and a group of his followers. They intended to take over an armorey and arm slaves an anti-slavery supporters. They hoped to start a revolution that would spread across the south, eradicating slavery. -
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The Consitutional Union party was formed during the election of 1860 and represented by John Bell. They believed the issue of slavery should be surpressed in order to keep the union together. -
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The Election of 1860 was the presidential elcetion between John Bell, John C. Breckenridge, Stephen Douglas, and Abraham Lincoln. -
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The Democrats split for the election of 1860. They become the Northern Democrats, typically anti-slavery, and the Southern Democrats, typically pro-slavery. -
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The Lecompton Constitution was one of many attempted constitutions written to make Kansas an official state. -
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Lincoln's reconstruction plan was also known as the Ten Percent Plan as 10% of voters needed to swear an oath to the Union to allow the stae to be re-elect officals to congress. This plan was fairly forgiving of the South. -
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The Wade-Davis bill was a bill created by Republicans stating that southern states needed to have 50% of all white males swear an oath to the union and allow blacks to vote in order to be allowed into the Union. -
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In 1864 Abraham Lincoln was re-elcted President, beating out Democrat George McClellan. -
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The Freedmen's Bureau was formed to aid former slaves. It did things such as issue food, clothing, and help former slaves recieve citizenship. -
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Abraham Lincoln was shot an killed the night of April 14th while attending a play at the Ford Theater. The culprit was Southerner John Wilkes Booth, who was a well known actor at the time. -
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Black Codes were laws created in many Southern states after the 13th Amendment abolished slavery. These laws kept blacks far in the lower class, making it impossible for them to be succuessful. -
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President Johnson's plan for Reconstruction was similar to Lincoln's, but even more forgiving to the South. -
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The 13th Amendment formally abolished slavery in the United States. -
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The Ku Klux Klan, or KKK, was formed in Tennessee in 1865. It was a group of whites who used violence and fear to supress blacks from participating in society. -
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The Civil Rights Act of 1866 gave all the rights of white males, voting, election to office, etc. to African-American males. -
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The First Reconstruction Act was passed in 1867 and involved splitting the south in five military districts. A general was appointed to watch over each section. -
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The radical Republicans held a strong hold in Congress and impeached Johnson. He wsa not removed from office by a margin of one vote. -
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Grant was a formal Union military general, who forced the surreneder of the Confederacy at Appatomox. He was later elected president. -
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This amendment granted citizenship to anyone born or naturalized in the United States, including African Americans and former slaves. -
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This amendment gave African American males the right to vote. -
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Hiram Revels was the first African American Senator. He was elected in the state of Mississippi. -
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This act stated that any private criminal acts, such as the ones performed by the KKK, would be federal offenses. -
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This Bureau was very critized for promoting the Rebuplican vote and was very unliked. In the end, it was abolished. -
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This act entitled all people, including blacks, to "full enjoyment of the law" meaning they could vote, run for office, and do anything a white could do. -
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The last troops leaving South Carolina signaled an end to Radical Reconstruction. -
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Rutherford B. Hayes was elected as 19th President in the election of 1877 -
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The Civil rights act of 1875 was rarely enforced and eventually found unconstitutional and thrown out. -
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Florida Used Jim Crow laws and became the first to require segregation in places of public accommodation. -
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The case of Plessy versus Ferguson involved a man who was 1/8 African American riding on the "white" train car, which was illegal. He was found guilty and the judge ruled in favor of "Seperate but Equal"
