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Zionism, an organized movement to settle Jews in Palestine increased in the 19th century because of Russia's violence and Eastern Europe didn't like Jews.
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In 1917 the Balfour Declaration, promised Jewish homelands but also promised to not infringe upon the rights of Palestinians. It made the Jews hopeful as they've longed to feel at home again.
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After Palestine had lost in WWI, the British mandate of Palestine started. The Balfour Declaration was assumed part of the deal after the war. In the early 1920s Jewish migration to Palestine had started. In the beginning of WWI there were 85,000 Jews in Palestine and by 1925 110,000 had settled there. In the meantime the Zionists and Arabians claimed their own rights to the land.
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Britian found out the residents in Palestine didn't want Jewish homelands built. However the Jewish settlers already living in Palestine did. Therefore Britain avoided inflicting their previous agreement (Balfour Declaration), which as a result they didn't take any action. The Jewish population increased in Palestine.
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In 1939, the British announced Jewish land purchases in Palestine would drastically shorten for the next 5 years, and then halted from there. This was a move that the British did to to keep their promise to the Balfour Declaration.
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During WWII, across the globe many people felt sympathy towards the Jews condition. Such as when the Jews were fed just the sufficient amount of calories to sustain for 18 months of physical labor.
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When it was nearing the end of WWII, the Germans burned most of the evidence of the Jewish workers. It was notable the Jews supported the Allies. After WWII Jewish homes were in stronger demand than ever. Hundreds of thousands of Jews in Europe were homeless. The holocaust emotionally harmed the Jews. In 1947, the United Nations was born and replaced the League of Nations.
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On May 14, 1948, newly proclaimed country Israel was born. Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians fled or were evicted by the British. Syria, Iraq, Lebanon and Palestinians attacked Israel immediately.
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Palestine became home for Jewish, Arab, and neutral UN zone controlling Jerusalem, a city sacred to 3 religions. Jews were excited, and Arabs unsatisfied. Palestinians were angry because their country was divided. Syria and Jordan were born at that time.
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6 day warSyria, Iraq, Lebanon and Palestine attacked Israel because they despised Israel. Israel was 1 day old when the first assault came. Shockingly, Egypt were on the west, Jordan on the east, Syria and Lebanon on the north and Iraq close to be dangerous.
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In 1949 Israel won in 6 days and doubled their land, that was proposed to them by the UN. 3 quarters of Palestine belonged to Israel, Jordan took the West Bank of the Jordan River, and Egypt took the Gaza Strip. Palestinians received nothing.
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The US supported the Jewish state because they needed allies in the region. The Jews outside of Israel supported the state politically and financially. The West thought Palestinians who fled, should've been easily fallen to their neighbors. However that wasn't how the Palestinians thought.
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Arab nationalism and Egyptian frustration grew significantly. Egypt demanded UN troops to withdrawl in Suez Crisis, then once UN troops withdrew, threatened Israeli trades by preventing access to the Gulf of Aqaba.
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The Arabs said, "No peace, negotiation." Jordan was a base used for guerillas in Israel, as the violence continued.
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It's important to know that Israel and US relations were strong, so the US supported Israel a lot. Israel was just too powerful, and in Dec, the first Arab- Israeli peace conference was in Geneva, Switzerland.
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In 1967, (The Yom Kippur War), Egypt invaded Sinai and Syria attacked Golan Heights. Other Arab countries contributed but Israel prevailed. Therefore Israel drove further into Syria, surrounded the Egyptian Third Army in Sinai and cleared a path to Cairo.
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The West viewed the organization as a true terrorist organization. The organization's main objective was to remove Israel completely from Palestine.
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1972 Munich Olympics incidentIn 1969 Arafat became chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization. A PLO group, Black September murdered 11 Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympics in 1972.
