Chapter 22 By Mar'Quon 300 BCE Aristotle explained the geocentric theory. 100 Ptolemy supported the geocentric theory. 1543 Nicolaus Copernicus reasoned the heliocentric theory. 1543 Andreas Vesalius published On the Fabric of the Human Body. 1590 Zacharias Janssen invented the microscope. 1600 The Baroque period began in art, music, and literature. 1602 Galileo developed the law of the pendulum. 1609 Johannes Kepler published the first two laws of planetary motion. 1620 Francis Bacon published Novum Organum which encouraged the experimental method. 1628 William Harvey showed that the heart acted as a pump to circulate blood throughout the body. 1633 Galileo was put under house arrest by the Inquisition for supporting Copernicus's theory. 1637 Rene Descartes published Discourse on Method which set forth reasoning. 1643 Evangelista Torricelli developed the first mercury barometer. 1651 Thomas Hobbes published Leviathan. 1662 Robert Boyle created Boyle's law. 1666 Isaac Newton published his laws of gravity. 1689 John Locke explained his theory of "natural rights". 1694 Mary Astell wrote A Serious Proposal to the Ladies. 1695 Anton van Leeuwenhoek saw red blood cells for the first time. 1718 Francois-Marie Arouet changes his name and champions religious freedoms. 1724 Gabriel Fahrenheit made the first thermometer. 1740 The enlightened despot, Frederick II, began his rule of Prussia. 1742 Anders Celsius created a scale for the mercury thermometer. 1745 Emilie du Chatalet translated Newton's work from Latin to French. 1748 Montesquieu published On the Spirit of Laws. 1750 Marie-Therese Geoffrin held her first salon of philosophes. 1762 The enlightened despot, Catherine the Great, began her rule of Russia. 1762 Jean Jacques Rousseau wrote The Social Contract. 1764 Cesare Beccaria published On Crimes and Punishments. 1772 Denis Diderot published the first volume of the Encyclopedia. 1774 Joseph Priestly discovered oxygen. 1775 The classical Period began in art, music, and architecture. 1778 Antoine Lavoisier discovered and named gas oxygen. 1780 The enlightened despot, Joseph II, began his rule of Austria. 1787 The U.S. enacted the Constitution - establishing a federal system, separation of powers, checks and balances. 1791 The U.S. Congress added the Bill of Rights. 1792 Mary Wollstonecraft wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. 1796 Edward Jenner introduced a vaccine to prevent small pox. 1819 Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence.
