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Alexandrian astronomer Ptolemy publishes a catalouge of over 1,000 stars called Almagest.
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The first to predict that the earth moves around the sun, and to create a method that estimates relative lunar and solar distances.
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A mathamatician that was the first to state that the earth was a sphere revolving around the sun, along with all the other planets. He also stated that the moons orbit was, in some way, related to the 'midsection' of the earth, or the equator.
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A mathamatition that founded trigonometry and that the discovery of the precision and procession of the equinoxes.
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A Greek scientist who was the first to estimate and discover that the moon did not produce light itself, but reflected the rays of the sun.
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Thought that light was made of the four essential elements; fire, water, air, and earth.
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Euclid studies properties of light and determines that light travels in straight lines.
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Pythagoras says that light is a beam emitted from human eyes. Later, he was proven wrong.
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Alhazen discovers that light bounces off objects and then travels to our eyes, allowing us to see it.
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Established the theory of a heliocentric universe, that the planets rotate around the sun, the basis for modern astronomy.
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Most view Brahe as a empirist that was a stickler for numbers. This was true, but served him well. He created a table for refractions, and allowed for and eliminated instrumental innaccuracies. He also determined exact planitary locations, and was the first western astronomer to see a supernova.
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One of the most famous astronomers in history, Galileo advanced work on the telescope, and stopped looking at why things move, and started looking at how things moved. His research led him to supporting Copernicus' theory of a heliocentric solar system. This landed him in house arrest for the rest of his life.
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A genius mathametician, Kepler is known for his three laws of planetary motion, which stem from his work with Tycho Brahe. He was also interested in astrology and astrological conjunctions.
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Galileo makes a more accurate discovery of the speed of light, at 299292458 per second.
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Showed that white light is actually a blend of all the colors, so it is formed out of a rainbow, or Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet. He also showed that you can make the rainbow by shining white light through a prism.
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Newton is one of the main founders of optics, with Kepler, calculus, and physics. His main contribution to astronomy were the three laws of gravity. He was also the first to build a reflecting telescope.
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Discovers that light is emitted in all directions, and travels and acts like a wave.
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Measured an inaccurate speed of light using Jupiter and one of it's four Galileian Moons
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Developed the wave theory of light, and described light interference.
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Cannon specialied in classifying stars. Her life goal was to obtain optical spectra of as many stars as possible and classifying them by their spectra.
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Discovered pools of Hydrogen leaping 300,000 miles off the surface of the sun.
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First calculated the relationship between stars luminosity and period of pulsation.
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Once again, another accurate speed of light measurement using two mirrors on the peaks of mountains closely situated.
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Created Hubble's Law, a classification system for galaxies, and discovered that the universe is expanding, along with the existance of other galaxies within that universe.
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One of the few scientists to take Planck's ideas seriously, Einstien proposed a quantum of light, the photon, in his explanation of the photoelectric effect.
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Performed the same test that Hippolyte Fizeau performed 13 years previously, but using many rotating mirrors instead of just one.
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First manned moon landing, first human to walk on the moon- Neil Armstrong
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Didn't actually land on the moon, was scheduled to, but a mid-flight oxygen fire ended the plan.
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First phase of Stonehenge begins, it is used as a primal solar/lunar observatory
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Introduces tha Julian Calander, which we use today
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Arayahabata discounts Pythagoras, saying that the planets and the moon and other celestial bodies reflected the sun instead of emitting their own light.
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Discovered that light rays are made up of very small particles.
