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1473 BCE
Copernicus
(Feb 19, 1473-May 21, 1543) Earth revolving around the sun which is called heliocentric. He also invented the scientific method. Believed Earth spins on its axis. -
384 BCE
Aristotle
(384bc-322bc) An ancient Greek philosopher and a scientist. Proved the Earth was round and was spherule also was the middle of the universe and that the sun, the moon, and the stars travel in separate spheres that rotate around Earth. -
190 BCE
Hipparchus
(190bc-120bc) He calculated the length of the year. He found the distance to the Earth and the moon. And the first comprehensive star catalog. He was an founder of trigonometry which is mathematician. -
100 BCE
Ptolemy
(100bc-170bc) believed earth was a center of the universe which is geocentric. He also wrote a book called “Almagest”. -
1546
Tycho Brahe
(1546-1601) Known for his accurate and comprehensive astronomical instruments and planetary observations. He was an danish nobleman and astronomer. He helped overturn that belief of a heliocentric model of the universe, with the sun at the center. He recorded enough data on the motion of sun, planets, and moon relative to the fixed stars to within 1 are minute. -
1564
Galileo
(Feb 15, 1564-Jan 8, 1642) He was an Italian scientist considered Godfather of modern astronomy. He discovered 4 main Jupiter had moons named Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. He made a eye glass which is the telescope. He discovered sunspots which are the darker spot of the sun. The starts were not fixed to celestial sphere -
1570
Hans Lippershey
(1570-1619) He was a German Dutch spectacle maker and he was commonly associated with the invention of telescope because he was the first one who tried to obtain a patent for it. He used the lens to make the telescope. The first to apply for a patent for the telescope was a design of 3x magnification. -
1571
Johannes Kepler
(1571-1630) He was Brahe’s assistant. He had discovered that the orbit of the planets are not circular but elliptical (oval). It unification of astronomy and physics. -
Refracting Telescope
(1608) a type of optical telescope that uses a lens as its objective to form an image. -
Giovanni Cassini
(1625-1712) He was an italian mathematician astronomer and engineer. He discovered the rings of Saturn divisions and was actually separated. -
Sir Isaac Newton
(1643-1727) He was an English mathematician astronomer. He invented the first reflecting telescope. Refract means to bend. -
Reflecting Telescope
(1663) A telescope that uses a single or combination of curved mirrors that reflect light and form an image -
William Herschel
(1738-1822) He discovered the planet Uranus and its moons, hypothesized that nebulae are composed of stars and had developed a theory. He formulate the stellar. A simple experiment determining the temperature of the different colors of sunlight passed through the prism. -
Karl Jansky
(1905-1950) He invented the radio telescope that can systematic survey of radio wave of the sky. Radio waves are the longest energy of waves. -
Percival Lowell
(1855-1916) He discovered the planet Pluto and studied the “canals” on Mars. Built the Lowell observatory in Flagstaff, AZ to study Mars. -
Ejnar Hertzsprung
(1873-1967) He showed that the relationship exist between the colors of the stars and their true brightness. He discovered the HR diagram chart that shows the correlation between the absolute brightness and the color of the stars. -
Albert Einstein
(1879-1955) His work helped astronomers study everything from gravitational waves to Mercury’s orbit. -
Edwin Hubble
(1889-1953) In the sky that was nebula, was thought to exist the milky way. He discovered that countless galaxies exist beyond our own milky way. Universe was expanding. He formed the Big Bang theory. -
John Glenn
(July 18, 1921-December 8, 2016) He became the first American to orbit the Earth, circling it three times. -
Neil Armstong
(1930-2012) first man to walk on the moon -
Yuri Gagarin
(1934-1968) He was the first human to travel into space when he launched into the orbit. -
Sputnik
(1957) Was the first artificial Earth satellite. The Soviet Union launched it into an elliptical low Earth orbit. It happened in Russia. It became the new term for a new priority for the US and the education. It was not good for the US so NASA was created. -
Apollo Missions
(1963-1972) The Apollo program was designed to land humans on the moon and back to Earth safely. -
First Space Shuttle Flight
(April 12, 1981) In Columbia, at the space center, they prepared for its first launch. They launched in April 12 the n came back in April 14. -
Mars Pathfinder Expedition
(1997) an American robotic spacecraft that landed a base station with a roving probe on Mars. Proved that it was possible to land a free moving rover vehicle that could trave around the planet’s surface. -
Cassini Orbiter
(1997-2017) to send a probe to study the planet Saturn and its system, including its rings and natural satellites. The craft were named after astronomers Giovanni Cassini and Cristiaan Huygens. -
SpaceX Falcon Heavy
(February 6, 2018) is a partially reusable heavy lift launched vihicle designed and manufactured by SpaceX. It was designed to bring astronauts into space and send a crew to the Moon, Mars, an asteroids.
