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The United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. In Congress, it was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, and by the House on January 31, 1865
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The United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. In Congress, it was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, and by the House on January 31, 1865.
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The Constitution granted African American men the right to vote by declaring that the "right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude".
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Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 US 537 was a landmark constitutional law case of the US Supreme Court. It upheld state racial segregation laws for public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal"
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politician who served as an elected Commissioner of Public Safety for the city of Birmingham, Alabama, for more than two decades. He strongly opposed activities of the American Civil Rights Movement.
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an African-American teenager from Argo, Illinois who was lynched in Mississippi at the age of 14 in 1955 after being falsely accused of flirting with a white woman.
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Congress of Racial Equality became one of the leading activist organizations in the early years of the American Civil Rights Movement. In the early 1960s, CORE, working with many other civil rights groups.
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They were arrested and convicted on burglary charges, and Malcolm was sentenced to 10 years in prison. Malcolm was granted parole after serving seven years.
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A 28-year-old African-American ballplayer and war veteran, was brought up from the minor leagues to play for the Brooklyn Dodgers. The nation was divided at first.
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An executive order issued on July 26, 1948, by President Harry S. Truman. It abolished racial discrimination in the United States Armed Forces and eventually led to the end of segregation in the services.
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Landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. The United States Supreme Court handed down its ruling in the landmark case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas.
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The Montgomery bus boycott, a seminal event in the Civil Rights Movement, was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama.
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A document written in February and March 1956, in the United States Congress, in opposition to racial integration of public places. Southern Manifesto is also known as The Declaration of Constitutional Principles.
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The Southern Christian Leadership Conference is an African-American civil rights organization. SCLC, which is closely associated with its first president, Martin Luther King Jr, had a large role in the American Civil Rights Movement.
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The followers of Fard became known as Black Muslims. When Fard mysteriously disappeared, Elijah Muhammad became the leader of the movement.
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Governor Orval Faubus announced that he would call in the Arkansas National Guard to prevent the African-American students' entry to Central High. The governor was claiming this action was for the students' own protection.
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The civil rights act of 1957 was primarily a voting rights bill, was the first federal civil rights legislation passed by the United States Congress since the Civil Rights Act of 1875.
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The Greensboro sit-ins were a series of nonviolent protests in Greensboro, North Carolina, in 1960, which led to the Woolworth department store chain removing its policy of racial segregation in the Southern United States.
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The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee was one of the most important organizations of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. It emerged from a student meeting organized by Ella Baker held at Shaw University in April 1960.
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Ruby Nell Bridges Hall is an American activist known for being the first black child to desegregate the all-white William Frantz Elementary School in Louisiana during the New Orleans school desegregation crisis in 1960.
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Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961 and subsequent years in order to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States.
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James Meredith enrolled as the first African American student at the University of Mississippi in 1962, the resulting riots produced more casualties than any other clash of the civil rights era.
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Martin Luther King, Jr., addressed to his fellow clergymen while he was in jail in Birmingham, Alabama, in 1963, after a nonviolent protest against racial segregation. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. defended both his right and his moral grounds for organizing nonviolent protest activities in support of the civil rights of African Americans.
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Medgar Wiley Evers was an American civil rights activist from Mississippi who worked to overturn segregation at the University of Mississippi and to enact social justice and voting rights. He was murdered by a white supremacist and Klansman.
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The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, the March on Washington, or The Great March on Washington, was held in Washington, D.C. on Wednesday, August 28, 1963.
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An act of white supremacist terrorism. This occurred at the African-American 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama on Sunday, September 15, 1963.
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The right of citizens of the u.s to vote in any primary or other election for president or v.p for elections.
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Freedom Summer, was a volunteer campaign in the United States launched in June 1964. Free Summer attempted to register as many African-American voters as possible in Mississippi.
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In June 1964 in Neshoba County, Mississippi, three civil rights workers were abducted and murdered in an act of racial violence.
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The civil rights act was a landmark civil rights and US labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
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The Civil Rights Act of 1968, also known as the Fair Housing Act, is a landmark part of legislation in the United States that provided for equal housing opportunities regardless of race, religion, oo, national origin and sex.
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Malcolm X, born Malcolm Little and later also known as el-Hajj Malik el-Shabazz, was an African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist.
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The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting.
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The Watts riots, sometimes referred to as the Watts Rebellion, took place in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles from August 11 to 16, 1965. On August 11, 1965, an African-American motorist was arrested for suspicion of drunk driving
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Executive Order 11246 was signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson. President Lyndon B. established requirements for non-discriminatory practices in hiring and employment on the part of U.S. government contractors.
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Stokely Carmichael was a U.S. civil-rights activist who in the 1960s originated the black nationalism rallying slogan, “black power.
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The Black Panther Party or the BPP was a revolutionary black nationalist and socialist organization founded by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton in October 1966.
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landmark civil rights decision of the United States Supreme Court. This was an invalidated law prohibiting interracial marriage.
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a major civil disturbance that occurred in the city of Newark, New Jersey between July 12 and July 17, 1967. The six days of rioting, looting, and destruction left 26 dead and hundreds injured.
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The Memphis sanitation strike began in February 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee. Following years of poor pay and dangerous working conditions, and provoked by the crushing to death of workers
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Was an 11 member commission established by president Lyndon B. Johnson in executive order 11365 to investigate the cause of the 1967 race.
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A political demonstration conducted by African-American athletes Tommie Smith and John Carlos during their medal ceremony at the 1968 Summer Olympics in the Olympic Stadium in Mexico City. After having won gold and bronze medals, respectively, in the 200-meter running event, they turned on the podium to face their flags, and to hear the American national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner".
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Bloody Sunday – sometimes called the Bogside Massacre – was an attack on 30 January 1972 in the Bogside area of Derry, Northern Ireland, when British soldiers shot 26 unarmed civilians during a peaceful protest march against internment.
