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On this day Randolph warns President Truman that he will lead a civil disobedience campaign against the draft unless the military's armed forces are to be integrated.
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In this case the supreme court rules that judicial enforcement of racially restrictive property convenants is a violation of the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment.
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The democratic national convention adopts a liberal platform on civil rights. This lead to a split in the party a few days later.
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President Truman issues these executive orders that establish the Fair Employment Board and begin the desegregation of the armed forces.
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Throughout 1949 many bills were drafted, like one to abolish poll taxes and end segregation in interstate transportation, but they were never brought to the Senate for a vote.
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In this court case the court ruled that a separate law school established by the University of Texas does not provide equal educational opportunity and orders the university to admit African-Americans.
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In this court case that was decieded upon on the same day as Sweatt v. Painter, the court ruled that segregated seating on railroad dining cars denies the equal access to public accommodations that was guaranteed by the Interstate Commerce Act.
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On this day Harry Moore who was the NAACP leader that lead a campaign against police brutality and also led a voter registration drive, was killed along with his wife when their houe is bombed.
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On this day the supreme court rules that public school segregation violates the equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment.
Quote from Case Ruling.
"Segregation of white and Negro children in the public schools of a State solely on the basis of race, pursuant to state laws permitting or requiring such segregation, denies to Negro children the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment..." -
On this day the Department of Defense announces that the armed forces have been fully desegregated.
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On this day in May the Supreme Court decides to have the school cases remanded to lower federal courts with the instruction that they should issue desegregation orders.
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The 14 year old boy is killed by two white men after he was allegedly whistling at a white woman. This crime attracted widespread attention.
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In Montgomery, Alebama Rosa parks is arrested for refusing to give up her seat to whites.
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The montgomery improvement association is orgainzed to conduct a boycott of city buses after Rosa Park's arrest. Also at this meeting Martin Luther King Jr. is elected as the association's president.
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During this month the Legislature of Virgina adopts a program of "massive resistance" to school desegregation that calls for the closing of schools under desegregation orders.
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This organization that is later known as the Southern Christian Leadership Conference is organized on this day with MLK as its chairman.
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Malcom X on this day leads a demonstration outside of a police station in Harlem to protest the beating of a Black Muslim and demand that he be transferred to a hospital.
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The first federal civil rights bill since the 1800s is passed. It makes conspiring to deny citizens their right to bote in federal elections a federal crime and gives federal prosecutors the power to obtain injunctions against discrimnatory practices used to deny citizens their voting rights.
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Federal court oders for the 9 African American students to be admitted to the Cental High School but the Governor, Faubus, decides to use the National Guard to prevent their entrance.
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The 9 African American students are attacked by a large white mob.
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On this day the Virginia Supreme Court rules that the law that was passed by the Virginia Legislature, saying that desegregated schools were to be closed, is in fact in violation of the state constitution.
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This television documentary primiered on this day and it made Malcom X more known.
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The Civil rights act that was passed by congress.
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In this election Kennedy beat Nixon with critical support from the African American voters
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During this year of 1960 there are many sit ins that started in North Carolina.
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This order that Kennedy issued established the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity Commission whos purpose was to investigate racial discrimination by government contractors.
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Beginning on this day Freedom Riders tested the desegregation of bus stations but usually end with violence and many being arrested.
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On this day congress submitted this Amendment. It would abolish poll taxes in federal elections.
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King is arrested on this day and writes his letter from jail which justifyed disobedience to unjust laws.
Exerpt From Letter
"In any nonviolent campaign there are four basic steps: collection of the facts to determine whether injustices exist; negotiation; self purification; and direct action. We have gone through all these steps in Birmingham." -
On this day Kennedy appears on a televised address in which he says racial discrimination is a "moral crisis" and here he proposes the new civil rights bill.
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This order required that all federal contractors are to take "affirmative action" to hire and promote persons without regard to race.
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Plan required contractors in philidelphia to hire minority workers.
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