-
Slave trade is banned
Congress bans slave trade in 1808 after the twenty year period in the constitution is expired -
Missouri Comprimise
Missouri applys for admission as a slave state, which would result in the Senate being in favor of slavery. Thus, thi act was opposed by northern senators and was settled with congress passing the Missouri Comprimise. The comprimise prevented slavery north of the geographical boundary at 36 degrees latitude and allowed Missouri to be admitted as a slave state with the balance of slave to anti-slavery states remaing equal. -
Abolitionist movement
William Llyod Garrison creates the abolitionist movement. Garrison was a white new englander. -
American Anti-Slavery Society is founded
Garrison creates the society, which consisted of american citizen abolitionists whom were against slavery in the United States. -
World Anti-Slavery Society meeting in London
Founders of the first women's rights movement, Elizabeth Stanton and Lucretia Mott were denied access into the World Anti-Slavery Society meeting in London after they had traveled across the world to attend. This was the marking point that forced the women to compare their status to those of black slaves. -
First Women's Rights Convention
Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Stanton sent out a call for the first women's rights convention in which three hundred women and men, all of which included Fredrick Douglass, attended the first meeting for woman's rights. The convention was held in Seneca Falls, New York. The convention discussed the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of women during the civil war era. -
Uncle Tom's Cabin published
Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom's Cabin depicted the evils of slavery and further heightened tensions on the issue. The book sold more than 300,000 copies within the first year of it's publishing. -
Dred Scott v. Sandford
The Supreme Court ruled that the Missouri Comprimise was unconstitutional and added that slaves were not U.S. citizens, which prohibited them from bringing suits about in any federal court. -
Start of the Civil War
The civil war was caused by many factors and heightened tensions in the US during the civil rights movement. Abolotionists continued to protest for anti-slavery. -
Emancipation Proclamation
Abraham Lincoln issues the Emancipation Proclamation in order to provide slaves in states still in active rebellion against the United States freedom. The proclamation was restricted by not freeing all slaves, only those within the confederacy. -
Thirteenth amendment ratified
One of the first of the three civil war amendents which bans slavery in the United States. It specifically banned all forms of "slavery and involuntary servitude". States responded by implementing "Black Codes", which restricted black civil rights. -
Black Codes
Black Codes prohibited blacks from voting, sitting on juries, and even appearing in public places. The codes differed from state to state and enforced all local law-enforcement officials to arrest unemployed blacks, fine them for vagrancy and hire out employers to satisfy their fines. -
Civil Rights Act
Congress enacted the civil rights act after black codes in different states were established in order to invalidate some of the states codes. Andrew Johnson favored the south in which he vetoed the act. Congress then overrode the presidential veto, which marked the first time in history congress had overrode a presidential veto. -
Woman's Rights Activists meeting in Washington, D.C.
After the fourteenth amendment was ratified, women activists met in Washington, D.C. in order to protest against passage of any new amendment that would grant voting rights to black men and not women. The convention was resolved in the idea that a man's government is worse than a white man's government because as you increase the tyrants, you make the condition of denfranchised class more hopeless and degraded. -
fifteenth amendment passed
Congress passed the fifteenth amendment which garaunteed the right of citizens to vote regardless of their race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Gender was no mentioned, which further infuriated women activitsts. The amendment was ratified in states by 1870. -
National Woman's Suffrage Association
Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Stanton formed NWSA in order to solely fight for women's rights after spliting from the abolitionist movement in order to focus primarily on women;s rights. -
Civil Rights Act
Congress passed the act in response to continous southern resistance to African American equality. The act was designed to grant equal access to public accomodations such as theatres, restaurants, and transportation and prohibited the exclusion of blacks from jury service. -
Jim Crow Laws
Laws enacted by southern states that discriminated against blacks by creating "whites only" schools, theatres, hotels, and other public accomodations. Some laws even barred interratial marriage. these laws eventually led to the civil rights movement in 1964. -
Civil Rights Cases
A series of cases held by the supreme court which damaged the vitality of the civil rights act of 1875. There were five, seperate cases that involved the convictions of five private people all of which appeared to have violated the civil rights act of 1875 by refusing to extend accomodations to blacks in theaters, a hotel, and a railroad. The Court ruled that congress only had the power to prohibit only state or governmental action and not private acts of discrimination. -
beginning to progressive era
the prograssive era consisted of concerted effort to reform political, economic, and social affairs. targets of the progressive reform acts included the evils of child labor, limited suffrage, political corruption, buisness monopolies, and prejudice against african americans. -
National and American Woman Suffrage Associations merge
The struggle for women's rights is revisited, when the new organization was led by Susan B. Anthony. The new group evolved its name into the NAWSA and was devolted mostle to protesting for the rights of women. -
start of the Suffrage Movement
The drive for voting rights for women that took place in the US. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
In the case Plessy v. Ferguson, the inferior legal status of african americans was brought to attention in terms of the decision making of the supreme court. Some commentator refer to this case as the Court's darkest hour. The case challenged a Louisiana statute requiring that railroads provide separate accomodations for blacks and whites. the Court found that seperate but equal facillties for blacks and were constitutional and did not violate the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment. -
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People first official meeting
many individual activists in various progressive causes including, woman suffrage, black rights, and the condition for better working conditions for women and children met to discuss a group that would devote themselves to problems of the african americans. Oswald Garrison Villard, the grandson of William Llyod Garrison, called a conference to discuss the issues. At the concference, the group evolved into the NAACP. leaders include Villard and W.E.B. Du Bois. -
end of progressive era
progressive era, characterixed by efforts of reformation of political, economic, and social affairs, comes to an end in 1920. -
end of Suffrage Movement & 19th amendment
the end of the drive for voting rights issued by many women activists came to a gradual end in the early 1920's. he nineteenth amendment of the constitution was also ratified, which garunteed women the right to vote, which all in all, ended the suffrage movement. -
First NAACP test case
Llyod gaines graduated from the Missouri all-black school and sought admission into Missouri's all-white university of law and was immediately rejected. Gained rejected all of the states offers for recompensatoin and sued the state. He lost in the lower courts and appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court. -
Supreme Court decision in Lloyd Gaines Case
NAACP attorneys for the Lloyd Gaines case argued that the creation of a seperate but equal law school of lesser caliber than that of the unversity of Missouri would not afford Gaines an equal education. The Supreme Court agreed and ruled that Missouri had failed to meet the admit Gaines to the school or to set up a law school for him. -
NAACP creates the Legal Defense and Educational Fund
in order to devise a strategy that would build on the Missour case, and bring about equality of education, the NAACP created the seperate and tax-exempt legal defense fund. The first leader of the Legal Defense and Educational Fund was Thurgood Marshall. -
Brown V. Board of Education
U.S. Supreme Court decision held that school segregation was inherently unconstituional because it violated the fourteenth amendment of the constitution and its garauntee of equal protection. -
Cheif Justice Earl Warren delivers 4th opinion of Court
In Brown v. Board of Education, Warren stated to seperate from others, solely becuase of their race generates feeling of inferirority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way very unlikely ever to be undone. we coclude, that in the field of public education the doctrine of "seperate bue equal" facillities has no place. This desicion immediately evoked an uproar that shook the nation. -
Brown v. Board of Education II
the court ruled that racially segregated systems must be dismanteled with all deliberate speed.The court went on to plead enforcement of Brown in the hands of appointed federal district courts, whom which were considered more immune to local political pressures than wer elected. -
NAACP Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks mad ehistory when she refused to to leave her seat on a bus to move to the back to make room for a white male passenger. She was arrested for violating an Alabama law banning integration of public facillities, all of which included buses. After Rosa was freed on bond, the NAACP decided to enlist city clergy to help her cause and distributed 35,000 handbills calling for blacks to boycott the Montgomery bus system on the monday morning of the trial. -
MLK launches SCLC
Martin Luther King Jr. launched the Southern Christain Leadership Conference soon after the end of the Montgomery bus boycott. The group had a southern base and was rooted closely to black religious culture. The philosophy of the group reflected MLK's belief in the importance of nonviolent protest and civil disobiediance. -
Cooper v. Aaron
Cooper v. Aaron case was filed by the Little Rock School Board asking the federal court for two and one-half year delay in implementation of its disegregation plans. Each justice signed the opinion individually and supported the idea that no state legislator or executive or judicial officer can war against the Constitution without violating his undertaking to support it. The states actions were ruled as unconstitutional and its evasive schemes illegal. -
first sit-in of SCLC
Students from the all-black North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College participated in the first sit-in of the organizaiton created by MLK, in which they marched to a local lunch counter, sat down, and ordered coffee. They were refused service and when refused to leave, were arrested and hailed. The students set precedents for other students around the south, who did the same and whose actions were subject of extensive national media attention. -
SNCC is formed
with an $800 grant from the SCLC, 200 student delegates, whom were both black and white, met at Shaw University in North Caronlina to consider recent sit-in actions and to plan for the future. The group was formed largely as a gressroots organization and focused primarily on activities for the young, both black and white. -
Hoyt v. Florida
Justice John harlan ruled that depite the enlightened emancipation of women from the restrictions and protections of bygone years, and their entry into many parts of community life formerly considered to be reserved to men, a woman is still regaurded as the center of home and family life. -
MLK "I Have A Dream"
Martin Luther King delivers his famous speech, I Have A Dream. more than 250,000 people heard the speech at the Lincoln Memorial. -
John F. Kennedy dies
In Dallas, Texas, J.F.K was assasinated before congress had an opportunity to vote on anay legislation regarding black segregation. President Lyndon B. Johnson suceeded the president after he died. -
MLK launches series of nonviolent demonstrations
IN Birmingham, Alabama, Martin Luther King head thousands of blacks and whites, in which they all marched to the city in a show of solidarity. The marchers were met by the Birmingham police commissione, who ordered the police officers to use dogs, clubs, and fire hoses on the marchers. The brutality of the officers helped President Kennedy to propose important civil rights legislation. -
Civil Rights Act
Wide ranging legislation passed by congress to outlaw segregation in public facillities and discrimination in employment, education, and voting. The act created the Equal Employment Opportunity Comission. -
National Organization for Women created
abbreviated NOW, the organization was modeled similarily to the drive for rights such as NAACP. The founders of the organization sought to work within the system to prevent discrimination. -
MLK dies
Reverend Martin Luther King is assasinated, which triggered a new epidemis of race riots. -
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg School District
The Court ruled that all vestiges of state-imposed segregation, called de jure discrimination, oor discrimination by law, must be eliminated at once. -
Equal Rights Amendment
in response from the protests of NOW and other feminst groups, Congress voted in favor of the equal rights amendment, which provided that equality of rights under law shall not be denied or abridged by the united states or by any state on account of sex. the congress shall have the power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. -
Day Without Immigrants
legal and illegal immigrants supported by american citizens took the day off in what was originally meant to be an economic boycott. more than 1 million marchers took to the streets in at least forty states to draw attention to the plight of imimgrants, the vast marjority of them Hispanic origin -
Woman's Equality Amendment
proposed amendment to the constitution that states equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the united states or any state on account of sex.
