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Colonies and Settlements:
Fort Lawrence enabled trade along the St. Lawrence RIver and populate the eastern edge of Canada. -
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Provincial Notes:
Part of a British military action against New France, forcing out Acadians from the maritime provinces. Another development with tensions between french and english. -
BIG6 - Analyze Cause and Consequence:
Wars and Battles:
This event marks the very beginning of tensions between the French and the English in Canada. The seven years war was started because France wanted to combat the growth of the British Empire and further their own. The consequences of this war are primary the strain between the French and English Canadians that still lasts today. -
Wars and Battles:
A pivotal moment in the Seven Years' War and in the history of Canada. A British invasion force led by General James Wolfe defeated French troops under the Marquis de Montcalm, leading to the surrender of Québec to the British. -
British victory over the French led Canada to be controlled by Britain, angering the French.
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Colonies and Settlements:
Another development in French/English relations where French culture is under English control. This event is one of many that contribute to today's Canada. -
Documents Acts & Treaties:
This ended the seven years war. In the treaty the French signed over all it's territories in mainland North America, eliminating France's military threat against Britain. Frence, Britain and Spain signed it. -
BIG 6 Establish Historical Significance:
Provincial Notes:
As a result of the Seven Years war and the Battle of the Plains of Abraham, New France was in British control. As part of a plan to make Canada an English country, New France was named Quebec. This is significant because Quebec is still primarily French today and there are still French and English tensions. This event developed those things that still exist today. -
Exploration/Discovery:
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Colonies and Settlements:
Oldest settler community in Saskatchewan. This community was along the river giving it access to trade and other means of transportation. This was also the first inland post established by the Hudson's Bay Company. -
BIG 6 Take of See Different Historical Perspectives:
Notable Events:
The main purpose of the Quebec Act of 1774 was to meet the needs of the government of the Province of Quebec more effectively. It was also viewed as a means of satisfying the aspirations of French Canadians. The British thought of it more as a way to please them and stop them from complaining, whereas the French saw it as rights they needed and deserved to preserve their culture. -
Wars and Battles:
The Americans wished to expand their territory, and saw a way to expand upward into Quebec. -
Exploration and Discovery:
These two trading companies "battled" for control over trading in North America. The Hudson Bay Company won this competition and took in the NorthWest company for itself, including all the territory and buisness that came with it. The trade industry was a big source of income for Canada (Britain) at the time. -
BIG 6 Identify Continuity and Change:
Wars and Battles:
The American Revolution was a fight between Britain and thirteen of their colonies. The 'United States of America' were the thirteen colonies. These conlonies wanted to be independant from Great Britain, and so there was this war. They succeeded in becoming independant from Britain.
The United States gained independance from Britain just as Canada would do over a century later. -
Exploration and Discovery:
The border between Canada and the U.S. is accepted from the Atlantic Ocean to Lake of the Woods. This haulted the Americans from moving upward into Canada for the next while. -
Colonies and Settlements
Around 40 000 United Empire Loyalist from the Thirteen Colonies start immigrating to Canada. Most settle in Nova Scotia, Quebec, and New Brunswick (established as a colony separate from Nova Scotia in 1784). Three thousand Black Loyalists settle near Shelburne, Nova Scotia. -
Provincial Notes:
Another province is added to Canada. -
Documents and Treaties:
After helping the British during the American Revolution, the Iroquois are given two land grants. Thayendanegea (Joseph Brant) settles his followers at the Six Nations Reserve, near Brantford. -
Provincial Notes:
With western Québec filling with English-speaking Loyalists, the Constitutional Act of 1791 divides Québec into Upper and Lower Canada (modern-day Ontario and Quebec). -
Exploration and Discovery:
By canoe and on foot, Alexander Mackenzie crosses the Rocky Mountains and the Coast Range, reaching the Pacific Ocean on July 22.
Alexander Mackenzie, first man to cross North America north of Mexico, records his arrival at the Pacific on a rock near Bella Coola, B.C. -
Documents Acts and Treaties:
BIG 6 Establish Historical Significance:
An American diplomat, John Jay, oversees the signing of Jay's Treaty (Nov. 19) between the U.S. and Britain. It promises British evacuation of the Ohio Valley forts and marks the beginning of international arbitration to settle boundary disputes. This event further solidifies the boundary and separation between Canada (Britain), and the US -
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Exploration and Discovery:
First paper mill established in Lower Canada, producing paper from cloth rags. -
Documents Acts and Treaties:
This newspaper, still known today, showed the separation between Quebec and the rest of Canada, with Quebec having it's own French only newspaper. -
BIG 6 Understand the Ethical Dimensions of Historical Interpretations:
Governors and Prime Ministers:
Slavery being abolished in all British colonies puts Canada ahead of the united states in abolishing racism which still exists today. Ending slavery meant ending the misstreatment of a group of people. -
Exploration and Discovery:
this event progresses Canada's culture and technology forward. -
Wars and Battles:
As a colony of Great Britain, Canada was swept up in the War of 1812 and was invaded a number of times by the Americans. -
Documents Acts and Treaties:
returns captured land to the Americans -
BIG 6 Analyze Cause and Consequence
Wars and Battles:
York, current day Toronto, was burned by the Americans as part of the War of 1812. This inspired many future conflicts between Canada and the US and shows the sibling rivalry between the two that still exists today. -
Exploration and Discovery:
Canada's border is defined as the 49th Parallel from Lake of the Woods to the Rocky Mountains. -
Colonies and Settlements:
Hudson's Bay Company dominates trading in NorthAmerica -
BIG 6 Take or See Different Historical Perspectives:
Documents Acts and Treaties:
Louis-Joseph Papineau, a member of the legislative assembly since 1814, travels from Montréal to England to oppose an Act of Union identifying the French Canadians as a minority without language rights. The act is not passed in the British Parliament. This is a big step forward for the French, as the English had been surpressing their rights to language and culture for many years. French is now the second language -
Colonies and Settlements:
The first Welland Canal is completed, partly in response to American initiatives in the Erie Canal. Erie Canal completed in 1825 by the State of New York providing waterway between Buffalo on Lake Erie and Albany on the Hudson River, the greatest single transportation factor in early settlement of the lake region and growth of lake navigation Work on Welland Canal starts. -
Notable Events:
Shawnandithit, the last of the Beothuks, dies at about age twenty-eight in St. John's, Newfoundland. -
BIG 6 Identify Continuity and Change:
Exploration and Discovery:
Running from La Prairie to St. John's, Quebec the first railway enabled faster transportation within Canada and ultimately united Canada with the completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway. -
Governors and Prime Ministers:
Along with a general feeling that the government was not democratic, the failure of the executive committee to maintain the confidence of the elected officials leads to violent but unsuccessful rebellions in Upper and Lower Canada. The leaders, W.L. Mackenzie (Reformers) and Louis-Joseph Papineau (Patriotes), both flee to the U.S. -
Governors and Prime Ministers:
He recommends that the governments of the colonies should be chosen by the people's elected representatives.This leads to Canada's current democratic system. -
Provincial Notes:
Durham Report urges responsible government and political union for Lower and Upper Canada, and assimilation for French Canadians. -
BIG 6 Establish Historical Significance:
Colonies and Settlements:
Upper Canada becomes Canada West, and Lower Canada becomes Canada East: they are united into Province of Canada. This is the beginning of uniting Canada in a way that still remains today. -
Colonies and Settlements:
Work starts on the Vancouver Island HBC post that will become Victoria. -
Documents Acts and treaties:
Oregon Treaty sets the 49th parallel as the western Canada/U.S. boundary. -
Exploration and Discovery:
Franklin expedition ships Erbus and Terror abandoned. All 130 expeditions members will perish. -
\Notable Events:
It was a three-penny stamp with a beaver on it. -
BIG 6 Establish Historical Significance:
Documents Acts and Treaties:
Canada and the U.S. sign a Reciprocity Treaty, ensuring reduction of customs duties. This makes Canada's market more appealing, and increases trade between the US and Canada. -
BIG 6 Understand the Ethical Dimensions:
Colonies and Settlements:
Chinese immigrants from California arrive in British Columbia, attracted by the Fraser River Gold Rush. These immigrants would be used to build the CPR, with Canada abusing the rights of these people. -
Exploration and Discovery:
Some twenty thousand miners rush to the area, and it comes under British rule as the colony of British Columbia. -
Governors and Prime Ministers:
The cornerstone of the Parliament buildings is laid. -
BIG 6 Identify Continuity and Change:
Documents Acts and Treaties:
British parliament passes the British North America Act. It adds on to the existing structure and updates it for the future. This act defines the majoity of Canada's government structure. -
Provincial Notes/Colonies and Settlements/Governors and Prime MInisters:
Confederation: New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Quebec, and Ontario form the Dominion of Canada. John A. Macdonald becomes the first prime minister. -
Notable Events:
Emily Stowe, the first woman doctor in Canada, begins to practice medicine in Toronto. -
Wars and Battles:
Louis Riel and Métis occupy Lower Fort Garry. The red River Rebellion has begun. -
Provincial Notes:
The new province was much smaller than today's Manitoba. -
Provincial Notes:
This further fleshed out today's Canada -
Governors and Prime Ministers:
Prime Minister Sir John Macdonald resigns as a result of scandal over the partial financing of the Conservative election campaign by the Canadian Pacific Railway Company. -
Notable Events:
Jennie Trout becomes the first woman licensed to practice medicine in Canada, although Emily Stowe has been doing so without a license in Toronto since 1867. -
BIG 6 Understand the Ethical Dimensions:
Documents Acts and Treaties:
The Supreme Court of Canada is established. This gave way to Canada's judicial system that is still used today, and used as a model for justice in other countries. -
BIG 6 Understand the Ethical Dimensions:
Notable Events:
The Canadian Pacific Railway recruits thousands of underpaid Chinese Labourers. The mistreatment of these labourers had effects many years later with resentment of European Canadians by the workers, and for good reason. Canada was being hypocritial after having already abolished slavery, and using these people much like slaves. -
Wars and Battles:
The Métis are defeated at Batoche. This leads to the handing of Louis Riel, an uproar in Quebec, and tensions between French and the English as well as English and Metis and First Nations. -
Governors and Prime Ministers:
Louis Riel is hanged in Regina causing an uproar in Quebec. -
Exploration and Discovery:
Last spike of the CPR driven at Craigellachie, British Columbia. This is a step towards uniting all of Canada. -
Governors and Prime Ministers:
Manitoba Liberals under Thomas Greenway halt public funding of Catholic schools. This puts a strain on French and English relations. -
BIG 6 Establishing Historical Significance:
Governors and Prime Ministers:
Liberals under Laurier (the first French Canadian prime minister) win federal election partly on the Manitoba Schools Question, though his compromises are not instituted until 1897. Because language and religion were closely tied, there was concern in Quebec and other French speaking parts of Canada that the French language would be abolished. -
Provincial Notes:
Canada grows -
Notable Events/ Wars and Battles:
The first Canadian troops sent overseas participate in the Boer War in South Africa. -
Provincial Notes:
Canada loses the Alaska boundary dispute when British tribunal representative Lord Alverstone sides with the U.S.. Silver is discovered in Northern Ontario. So this is why we have a funny chunk out of the side of the country that belongs to the US, but fits more with Canada.... -
Colonies and Settlements:
Saskatchewan and Alberta join Confederation. Immigrants rush to settle in the plains, mainly as wheat farmers. -
BIG 6 Establish Historical Significance:
Exploration and Discovery:
Roald Amundsen's Gjoa reaches Nome, Alaska, after becoming the first ship to sail the Northwest Passage. The Northwest Passage would later become famous for the voyages through it and Canada having to protect it to reserve access to the arctic. -
Wars and Battles:
We have our own Navy division, apart from the British. -
BIG 6 Establish Historical Significance:
Documents Acts and Treaties:
A proposal for free trade between the United States and Canada is rejected in a fiercely contested general election. This impacts trade today. -
Governors and Prime Ministers:
The Liberal government, under Wilfrid Laurier, is replaced by a Conservative government led by Sir William Borden. -
BIG 6 Analyze Cause and Consequence:
Wars and Battles:
Britain declares war on Germany, automatically drawing Canada into the conflict. This war had a huge impact on Canada, helping it to achieve independent status from Britain by it's success in the war, as well as taking a toll on Canadians with many deaths and effecting the economy. -
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Wars and Battles:
A call for union recognition, a general strike expands to Winnipeg (May 19-June 26). A bomb by the RCMP on Bloody Saturday kills one and injures thirty (June 21). -
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Notable Events
Agnes Macphail becomes the first woman elected to Parliament -
Andrew Bonar Law of New Brunswick became leader of the Conservatives in England and then prime minister, post that he held for 209 days before resigning because of bad health. He moved to England in 1900 and became a MP.
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BIG 6 Establish Historical Significance
Provincial Events:
Newfoundland women receive the right to vote. This event shows Canada progressing in culture. Eventually the right to vote would be extended to First Nations people as well. -
Provincial Notes:
Labrador is given to Newfoundland instead of Quebec. This strengthens tensions between French and English Canadians. -
Notable Events:
The British Privy Council reverses the Supreme Court decision of 1928, and women are legally declared "persons" -
North American stock markets crash and the Great Depression begins.
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BIG 6 Establish Historical Significance:
Documents Acts and Treaties:
This grants Canada control over internal and external affairs. This is one more step towards Canada's independance. -
Notable Events:
The Bank of Canada is created with a mandate to be the sole issuer of Canadian bank notes. The first issue of bank notes was unilingual English or French, becoming bilingual in 1937. -
Notable Events:
Seven hundred and eighty Canadians died when temperatures exceeded 42 degrees Celsius from Alberta to Ontario, in Canada's longest and deadliest heat wave. -
Governors and Prime Ministers:
Franklin D. Roosevelt is the first U.S. president to make an official visit to Canada, meeting Mackenzie King in Kingston. -
BIG 6 Analyzing Cause and Consequence:
Wars and Battles:
Britain declares war so Canada has to as well. This war would help Canada to be independant from Britain, but at a great cost. -
The Japanese attack the U.S. Naval base at Pearl Harbor, in Hawaii, and Canada declares war on Japan.
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BIG 6 Understand Ethical Dimensions:
Provincial Notes/Wars and Battles:
Due to Pearl Harbour and WWII
About 22000 Canadians of Japanese descent are stripped of non- portable possessions, interned and evacuated as security risks. This altered the relationship between Canada and it's immigrants. -
Notable Events:
Dieppe raid leaves 907 Canadians dead. 1, 946 capture. -
Wars and Battles:
This event prooved Canada could hold it's own, which further gave Canada indepandance from Britain and respect from other countries. -
Wars and Battles:
Volunteers in the Canadian Army Special Force join the United Nations forces in the Korean War. -
The first Canadian subway opens in Toronto.
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Notable Events:
Hurricane Hazel kills eighty-three people in Ontario -
BIG 6 Analyze Cause and Consequence:
Governors and Prime Ministers:
This Pipline Debate is over funding the natural gas industry and the proper parliamentary procedure with it. This contributes directly to their parliamentary defeat. -
Socialized medicine is introduced in Saskatchewan leading to a doctors’ strike.
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BIG 6 Analyze Cause and Consequence:
Exploration and Discovery:
This event, like the railway, joins Canada together and gives Canadians another way to get across Canada. -
Notable Events:
Canada becomes the third nation in space with the launch of the satellite Alouette I. -
Front de libération du Québec (FLQ) sets off bombs in Montréal spurring a national crisis (October Crisis) where government officials are kidnapped and the War Measures Act is put in place by PM Trudeau.
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War and Battles:
British trade commissioner James Cross is kidnapped by the
Québec's labour and immigration minister Pierre Laporte is kidnapped (Oct. 10) and later found murdered. The War Measures Act is put in place (Oct. 16), banning the FLQ and leading to almost 500 arrests. -
Documents Acts and Treaties:
Multiculturalism is on the rise in Canada, and the government recognizes that. -
BIG 6 Understand the Ethical Dimensions.
Notable Events:
Canada abolishes the death penalty after deciding that it is unethical. -
Documents Acts and Treaties:
Restricting English schooling to children of parents who had been educated in English schools -
BIG 6 Use Primary Evidence:
The Terry Fox run for cancer is still in effect today. We participate in this at school every year and more money is now raised for cancer research than ever before.
Notable Events:
Terry Fox dies of cancer in the middle of his cross-Canada Marathon of Hope. His leadership in raising awareness for cancer raises more than 25 million dollars soon after and international fame. -
Documents Acts and Treaties:
Québec bans public signs in English. This strains French and English relations once again. -
Notable Events:
The world spotlight comes to Canada with hosting the Olympics. -
Documents Acts and Treaties:
Free trade between Canada and the United States encourages trade between the two countries and decreases Canada's trade with other countries, but boosts Canada's economy due to oil trade. -
The federal government settles a land claim with the Inuit that will give them 350 000 square km of territory in the North, to be called Nunavut.
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Documents Acts and Treaties:
Canadians vote "no" in a referendum seeking popular support for the Charlottetown Agreement, intended as a corrective to the Canadian Constitution in the wake of the failed Meech Lake Accord. -
Governors and Prime Ministers:
Kim Campbell had a very short term in office as the prime minister before her set her up for failure. She was the first and only female Prime Minister. -
Notable Events:
The North America Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) comes into effect, linking Canada, the United States, and Mexico in a new economic partnership. -
BIG 6 Establish Historical Significance:
Documents Acts and Treaties:
This is the closest vote in history for Quebec's separation from Canada. Tensions were at an all time high with a vote of 50.6% against separation. It was a close call, but there has been no referendum since. -
"Important Moments in Canadian History." 1968 to Present ::. Web. 19 Jan. 2016.
used for significant events from the late 60's to 2000 "Important Moments in Canadian History." 1946 to 1967 ::. Web. 19 Jan. 2016.
used for events from mid 1940's to late 1960's "Important Moments in Canadian History." 1919 to 1945 ::. Web. 19 Jan. 2016.
used for events from 1920'2 to 1940's "Important Moments in Canadian History." 1868 to 1918 ::. Web. 19 Jan. 2016.
used for events from the 1860's to the 192 -
http://globalnews.ca/news/1420149/timeline-notable-dates-in-the-history-of-canada/ "War of 1812." War of 1812. Web. 19 Jan. 2016.
used for information on wars and conflicts "Canada." Canada. Web. 19 Jan. 2016. used for significants events from 1750 onwards.
