Culture

Social Relationships of The Aboriginals

1500

The first occupants had there own unique way of interacting with each other. Everyone had respect for elders, they all respected each other's traditions and they had the freedom of actions which meant that there are no written or private property.

Animism

1500

Animism is the name that the first nations gave to their belief system. Since they have great respect for animals, they pray to the souls of the animals thanking them to have food to survive.

Shamanism

1500

Shamanism was a way that the first occupant expressed their spirituality. A shaman is a man who has access to the world of the spirits. He is known as a priest, medicine man and can interpret dreams. He has the most knowledge and can communicate with spirits. They could give their opinions although cannot impose their will on the group that they are delivering the message to.

Catholicism

1615

Catholicism is a huge part of the French identity. This means that the French population believed in God. Since the French is under the rules of the Church they must follow certain rules. For example, priests were in charge of the parishes, nuns worked in schools and hospitals and money was collected through church tax.

Royal Absolutism

1663

Absolutism is a political ideology, where the ruler claims that his power comes from God and he represents God on Earth. Royal absolutism was manifested through the control the king exerted over the charted companies that he granted exploitation monopolies. To prove that everything is royal absolutism, the coat of arms was put everywhere.

Ultramontanism

1760

Ultramontanism is a political and religious doctrine where the Catholic Church dominates in every way including political power. The Church used ultramontanism to increase its power and to become more influential.

Liberalism

1761

Liberalism is a political ideology based on individuals having equal fundamental rights including protection from the abuse of the monarch's power. Liberal ideas were exposed through newspapers and books.

Anticlericalism

1764

Anticlericalism is an ideology where people believe the clergy had no right to meddle in political life or censor cultural and intellectual life. This is the complete opposite of ultramontanism, therefore, the Church was very against this since they wanted to make everyone continue to value family and other traditional values and anticlericalism was against that.

Imperialism

1764

This is an ideology that advocates the political, cultural, economic and military domination exerted by the mother country. They believed in Great Britain exerting its control over the colony.

Parliamentarism

1800

Parliamentarism is a limitation of the monarch's power by an elected parliament responsible for representing the people.

Conservatism

1800

Conservatism is an ideology that things should remain the same.

Republicanism

1805

Republicanism is an ideology suggesting that people should govern themselves. France is starting to get rid of a monarchy since they want elections. This leads to the radicalization of an idea among the Parti Patriote members which leads to republicanism.

Nationalism

1810

This is a political ideology that identifies as a group of individuals who share common characteristics. This refers to an individual's sense of belonging to a nation as well. French Canadians got the idea of Canadiens Nationalism. They wanted their own government and wanted to live in a french catholic nation.

Capitalism

1850

Capitalism is based on rich merchants and companies opening a business with the goal of making as much money as possible. Capitalism emerged with industrialization since the wealthy people opened factories and had the poor people work there. This allowed the merchants to get richer since the workers were paid a very low salary.

Social Reformism

1850

Social reformism is an ideology that encourages social change that fights poverty and other consequences of industrialization. People created organizations in order to help the poor.

Agriculturalism

1900

This is the modernization of agriculture and leads to the opening new areas/regions of colonization.

Interventionism

1900

This is when people intervene for the better of the people and not the church.

Cooperatism

1905

Due to the Great Depression, banks cannot afford to lend money to individuals, therefore, capitalism does not work. With the absence of capitalism, rich people came together and put all their money together in order to invest it and help create new and more advanced technology.

Neoliberalism

1910

An ideology that advocated a laissez-faire approach to economics emerged in Quebec during this period to address concerns about the province's competitiveness in the global economy.

Americanism

1915

This is that American ideas are prevalent in Canadian culture.

Secularism

1920

Secularism is when you oppose the Church. These people were completely separating the Church from the state. For example, Pierre Elliott Trudeau wants Church and state should be separated. He thinks that education and social services should be run by the state.

Aboriginalism

1920

Aboriginals wanted justice from the government because they were stripped of their land. They want their culture to recognize and wanted an act preserves their culture.

Fascism

1939

Fascism promoted the restoration of a traditional order by authoritarian means. This was under Military Rule.

Communism

1940

Communism is an extreme form of socialism. Communists wanted the end of the capitalist system and social classes.

Socialism

1942

This concept was against capitalism because they believed it only makes a few people rich therefore is unequal to the rest of the population. Socialists were against the concentration of wealth in the hand of views. This later created a positive change in Canada such as the creation of unions.