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Sep 1, 1500
Native Culture and Thought II
The natives kept a concept called animism which was the respect for nature and that all living things have souls. The also believed in the circle/cycle of life. The first occupants never had documented traditions, everything was oral and passed down through the generations. They also expressed their traditions through song, dance and ceremonies -
Sep 1, 1500
Native Culture and Thought I
The natives are influenced by spirituality, social relationships, respect for nature, and communications. For Spirituality they had a Shaman who was basically the priest. They also believed in many Myths and legends and Dreamcatchers that they believed trapped the evil spirits of the dreams. Socially the natives had a respect for elders, kept many traditions and had a freedom of actions meaning they had no written laws or private property. -
Period: Sep 1, 1500 to
Culture and Currents of Thought
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Divine Right of Kings and Louis XIV
The Divine Right of Kings was basically that kings of France had total power, possibly even more than the church.
The colony of New France wasn’t developing its economy or population, and it was dealing with constant Iroquois attacks. Therefore, King Louis XIV had to act. Firstly, he sent over a trained regiment of soldiers to defend the colony. Secondly, to alter the political situation Louis ended the companies' monopoly and placed NF under the Minister of Marine's control. -
Catholicism
Catholicism was very powerful at the time. You did what the church wanted or you were excommunicated (shunned). The Clergy was everywhere, priests were in charge of parishes and they worked as missionaries. Nuns worked in hospitals and in schools. The ideas of the religion were mostly spread by controlling education in the colony. Money to pay for all of this came from the church tax called the tithe. Most of the people were extremely religious, it was a huge part of their everyday lives. -
Life in New France
Settlers lived happily but it was physically hard labor to survive. There was tons of work including farming, making clothes, fixing tools and preparing for winter. Neighbors worked together and people had lots of kids (Catholicism) who worked as well. NF wasn't developing, so the habitants had to take care of themselves. The people were very autonomous and by 1760 they were called Canadians. After the British conquest the people stayed because it was home to them and they knew nothing else. -
The People of New France
Whether upper or lower classed, the habitants of New France were much "closer" with each other because of the low population in the colony.
Order of the social classes:
Nobility/Elite
Middle Class/Bourgeoisie
Peasants/Habitant
- They developed an independent spirit and a sense of freedom.
- There was very little law enforcement so people often did what they wanted.
- Contact with the aboriginals also changed many settlers. Many worked with or lived with natives (Couriers de bois, Voyageurs) -
Nationalism and Imperialism
Nationalism is a devotion to ones own nation and its interests.
FrenchCanadian Nationalism did not want to support Britain, wanted to protect French interests (language, education, rights)
English-Canadian Nationalism liked the English way(language, politics) supported Britain but wanted Canada to operate independently.
Imperialism is the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries. EX Architectural influence and Parliamentary political organization. -
Anticlericalism
Anticlericalism is against the influence and activities of the clergy and the church in secular or public affairs. It Advocates the separation of church and state, which is what we have today. This is also a promotion of a more democratic regime. -
Ultramontanism
Ultramontanism is when the Roman Catholic Church favors increasing and enhancing the power and authority of the pope. It advocates an obedience to the Catholic religion. The Church seeks to increase and extend its influence in all areas of life. Social, political, cultural etc. This is also when the Church controls sectors of health care and education. -
Liberalism
Liberalism is a political and social philosophy supporting the freedom of the individual. This can be found in parliamentary systems of government, nonviolent modification of political, social, or economic institutions and with that the government guarantees individual rights and civil liberties. Examples of this in society are the spreading of liberal ideas in the newspapers, and the development of parliamentary (the system of parliamentary government). -
Neoliberalism
Neoliberalism is a newer form of liberalism that has adopted a hands off government. It advocates the removal of the state in various parts of society. It is the opposition to socialist groups wanting to maintain intervention of the state -
Capitalism
Capitalism is an Economic system where you are free to create your own wealth. Investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations,opposed to state-owned wealth. Capitalists constructed buildings that are part of our architectural heritage. Their ideas were diffused through press owned by businessmen. They were in control of themselves and were basically the people with the money. -
Americanism
Americanism is the emergence of American cultural and casual trends like dance, music and spread of American culture through films, radio and télévision. To counter American influences, the church spreads ideas of traditional Catholic culture through music, media and education. -
Feminism
Women begin to fight for social/economic/political equality. Women had a hard life. They married young, had many children, answered to their husbands, had horrible salaries, and had little education. It wasn't until WW1 that things opened up for them when they replaced the men at their jobs in factories and such. They were not allowed to vote federally until 1918, but voted in 1917 while the men were at war. -
The Oka Crisis
In 1990 Mohawk warriors established road blocks on the borders to their reserves in Oka just outside Montreal, when a golf course wanted to expand onto native land. The natives militarily organized themselves and the Canadian Forces were called in to handle the situation. The crisis lasted 78 days, when the stand-off finally came to an end with out armed conflict. The Charlottetown Accord was created to deal with these issues. This was an act of aboriginalism.
